DNA vs. RNA
Which molecule is typically found single stranded?
RNA
Where does transcription take place?
The nucleus
Where does translation happen?
At a ribosome.
What is a mutation?
a change in the genetic code
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
How are the base pairing rules different in RNA than in DNA?
A with U in RNA
A with T in DNA
Which molecule is made from a piece of template DNA?
mRNA
What is a codon?
3 nucleotide sequence that codes for one amino acid.
What's an example of a large scale mutation?
additions or deletions of entire chromosomes
What are the 3 T's of protein synthesis?
Transcription, transportation and translation
Explain the difference between the sugars in DNA and RNA.
DNA has deoxyribose while RNA has ribose.
Transcribe the following DNA: T A A G C G A G T
A U U C G C U C A
What is an anticodon?
A 3 nucleotide sequence on the tRNA that is complementary to the mRNA.
original DNA: A A T C G C G T G A
mutated DNA: A A T C C C G T G A
Point or Substitution
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base
Why doesn't the DNA leave the nucleus?
It needs to be protected.
When does translation end?
When a stop codon is reached.
What type of mutation is shown below?
original DNA: T T C T A G G A C C A C
mutated DNA: T T C A G G A C C A C
frameshift deletion
Describe the process that happens in between transcription and translation.
Transportation. mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm to find a ribosome
What are the 3 kinds of RNA and how are they different?
mRNA: messenger. carries the code to the ribosome
tRNA: carries the amino acid to the ribosome
rRNA: makes up ribosomes
Place these events in the order they occur:
A) the DNA zips back up
B) the DNA unzips
C) the complementary mRNA strand is made
D) the mRNA exits the nucleus
B C A D
Translate the following mRNA sequence:
AUG CGC GAC UUU
Met Arg Asp Phe
What are the 3 possible effects of mutations and explain how they are different?
silent: no change (same amino acid produced)
missense: changes an amino acid
nonsense: produces an early stop. short protein
Transcribe and translate this gene:
T A C T T T A C C G A T A T T
T A C T T T A C C G A T A T T
A U G A A A U G G C U A U A A
AUG AAA UGG CUA UAA
met lys trp leu stop