Miscellaneous
Protein Function and Structure
Transcription
Translation
RNA
Mutations
100
The bond that exists between two amino acids.
What is a polypeptide bond?
100
There are 20 different types of this monomer of proteins?
What are amino acids?
100
Region of the DNA where RNA Polymerase binds before transcription begins.
What is the promoter?
100
Translation occurs at this cellular structure in the cytoplasm.
What is a ribosome?
100
A condon bearing, linear strand of nucleotides that transports the instructions found in DNA to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
What is mRNA or messenger RNA?
100
This term represents any change in the genetic material (e.g. DNA).
What is a mutation?
200
These are the parts of the mRNA that do NOT code for proteins (non-coding regions of the mRNA).
What are introns?
200
The four primary elements of a protein.
What are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen?
200
The place where transcription takes place in eukaryotic cells.
What is the nucleus?
200
This term is used to represent a triplet of bases on the mRNA strand that encodes for a particular amino acid.
What is a codon?
200
This RNA sub-type picks up the appropriate amino acid and delivers it to the mRNA at the ribosom.
What is tRNA or transfer RNA?
200
This type of mutation is represented in the following:
Normal chromosome: A-B-C-D-E-F-G
Mutated chromosome: A-B-C-A-B-C-D-E-F-G
What is an insertion mutation?
300
Amino acids required to be consumed in our diet.
What are essential amino acids?
300
An example of a structural protein in the body?
What is collagen, keratin or actin?
300
In the DNA template:
5'-TATGACCTGC-3'
3'-ATACTGGACG-5'
This strand will be the one transcribed in to mRNA.
What is 3'-ATACTGGACG-5'?
300
The mRNA sequence AUU encodes for the amino acid: Isoleucine. AUG on the other hand encodes for this amino acid.
What is MET or Methionine?
300
In mRNA this nucleotide replaces Thymine which is only found in DNA.
What is Uracil?
300
Insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in the coding region of a gene results in this type of mutation.
What is a frameshift mutation?
400
The biochemical process by which two molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule plus water.
What is dehydration synthesis?
400
Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges occur at this level of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary or quarternary).
What is tertiary structure?
400
The enzyme that synthesizes the transcription of DNA into mRNA.
What is RNA polymerase?
400
The mRNA codons: UAA UAG and UGA each indicate a _______ for protein synthesis.
Stop
400
One of the two reasons why an RNA intermediate (mRNA) is necessary.
What is "the DNA is stored in the nucleus, but proteins are made in the cytoplasm?", or
What is "regulation?"
400
Sickle cell disease results in the change of glutamic acid (GAG) into valine (GUG). This change in amino acid represents this type of mutation.
What is substitution or point mutation?
500
This diagram represents the basic structure of this monomer.
What is an amino acid?
500
At the quarternary structure of proteins, two or more polypeptide subunits link together. This is the number of polypeptide subunits present in an insulin molecule.
What are two (2) polypeptide subunits?
500
This modification process (removing of introns) in mRNA is only found in eukaryotic organisms.
What is RNA splicing?
500
The total number of amino acids is the following mRNA sequence.
mRNA: CUU AUG CUG UCU UAA
What is three? (Met-Leu-Ser)
500
The three key differences between RNA and DNA.
What is:
1. The sugar in RNA is ribose; DNA deoxyribose.
2. RNA is single stranded; DNA is double stranded.
3. RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine (DNA).
(alt. RNA is found inside and outside the nucleus; DNA is found only inside the nucleus)
500
A point mutation that changes UGG to UAG in a protein can result in the following consequence.
What is a premature stop?