DNA Structure
What part of the nucleotide make up the rungs of the DNA helix?
Nitrogenous bases
What is transcription?
Transfer of information from DNA to RNA
What is translation?
Transfer of information from RNA to proteins.
What is a codon?
A triplet of bases.
Which enzyme adds the complementary bases to build the new strand of DNA?
DNA polymerase
What are the subunits of DNA known as?
Nucleotides
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
Where does translation take place in the cell?
Cytoplasm
Replicate the following strand of DNA:
ATT- GCC- ATC- GAT
TAA-CGG-TAG-CTA
Mutations in these type of cells are NOT passed onto offspring.
Somatic/body cells
1. Who discovered the structure of DNA?
2. Who built the first model?
Franklin
Watson & Crick
Which molecule carries the instructions for making a protein from the nucleus to ribosome?
mRNA
Which molecule carries the amino acid to the ribosome?
tRNA
The ......... strand is built continuously, while the ..... strand is built in sections.
leading, lagging
Which enzyme adds a primer to the DNA strand?
RNA Primase
What are the three differences between DNA & RNA?
DNA is a double helix, RNA is single stranded.
DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose.
DNA has Thymine, RNA has uracil.
At the beginning of translation, the mRNA leaves the nucleus through the....
Nuclear pores
What organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosome
Which enzyme unzips the molecule of DNA?
DNA helicase
In transcription, which enzyme unzips the molecule of DNA and adds complementary bases to the strand to form mRNA?
RNA polymerase
1. What type of bonds hold the bases together?
2. How many are between C & G?
3. How many are between A & T?
Hydrogen
3
2
The RNA Polymerase stops transcribing the DNA once a...
STOP codon is reached
What three components bind together to start translation?
What does semi-conservative mean?
Half of the DNA strand is conserved, half of it is new.
Why can an addition of a base in DNA be harmful to an organism?