Vocab Words
Gene
piece of dna that codes for a protein
Structure
DNA consists of two stands while RNA has one strand
Transcription in Eukaryotes
Nucleus
when do they occur
translation in eukaryotes
ribosome
DNA
double stranded, bases are ATGC, and stores genetic info
Bases
The DNA bases are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. The RNA bases are Adenine, Uracel, Guanine, and Cytosine.
transcription in prokaryotes
cytoplasm
What is substitution
one nucleotide is substituted for another can happen when dna polymerase does not catch a mistake during replication
translation in prokaryotes
cytoplasm
RNA
single stranded, bases are AUGC, transmits genetic info
Function
DNA stores genetic information. RNA transmits genetic information.
End product of transcription
RNA
what is frameshift
mutations that add or remove nucleotides result in a frameshift which can change in the entire reading sequence
End product of translation
Polypeptide
Translation
mRNA changes to proteins
Sugar
The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is ribose sugar molecules.
What enzyme builds a new strand
RNA polymerase
what is insertion
extra nucleotides are added to the sequence
what enzyme helps with translation
ribosome
Transcription
to change dna to mRNA and to make a copy of it
Location
DNA is found in the nucleus. RNA forms in the nucleus and then moves to specialized regions of cytoplasm.
Why is transaction important
The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence
what is deletion
nucleotide or base pairs are removed from the sequence
why is translation important
For cells to thrive, the genetic code must be precisely translated into the amino acids from which proteins are created