Ribosome
What process occurs at the ribosome?
translation
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Where does it occur?
Ribosome
Does it contain information about mRNA or tRNA?
mRNA
Name the enzyme that breaks the DNA helix during replication
helicase
How big is a ribosome in a prokaryotic cell?
70S
What is produced?
mRNA
What is produced?
Polypeptides
What is a codon?
Three nucleotides that specify one amino acid
How are complementary base pairs needed in replication?
A DNA template is used, adding complementary base pairs to the new strand
Where are ribosomes located in eukaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm and ER
What enzyme is required?
RNA polymerase
What molecule provides the instructions and in what form are the instructions?
mRNA contains codons
The genetic code is used by frogs, fungi and flowering plants. What is one word that describes this phenomenon.
Universal
What is the role of DNA polymerase?
Adds complementary base pairs to the newly formed strand.
What two things join together on the ribosome through complementary base pairing?
codon and anticodon
If a DNA sequence is GCCTA, the RNA sequence will be....
CGGAU
What is the role of tRNA?
delivers the amino acid to the ribosome
What is a stop codon
Causes the ribosomal subunits to fall off of mRNA and translation stops
What is DNA replication is required for?
for reproduction and for growth and tissue replacement in multicellular organisms
Explain what happens in order to lengthen the polypeptide.
Peptide bond forms with the new amino acid before the polypeptide is transferred to the tRNA at the A site.
This process is required for ……
Gene expression
Explain how the polypeptide is elongated at the ribosome.
The ribosome moves along mRNA one codon at a time, linking the amino acids by peptide bonds.
Explain how the genetic code is degenerate.
Multiple codons specify one amino acid
What is meant by semi-conservative replication?
New DNA molecules contain one original and one new molecule