Central Dogma Basics
This is the place where transcription takes place in eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
This is the enzyme that synthesizes mRNA
RNA polymerase
This is the start codon
AUG
This type of RNA contains codons
mRNA
This type of mutation codes for the same amino acid therefore there is no effect on the protein
Silent mutation
These are the parts of mRNA that do not code for protein
Introns
This is the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds
Promotor
This is the site on the ribosomes in which polypeptide chain grows
P site
This type of RNA contains anti-codons
tRNA
This type of mutation involves a substitution of a nucleotide that results in a stop codon reached to soon therefore the polypeptide chain is not complete and the protein is nonfunctional
Nonsense mutation
This is the site where translation takes place
Ribosomes (in cytoplasm or on Rough ER)
This is the portion of DNA that signals transcription to stop
Terminator
These are the type of bonds that exist between amino acids
peptide bonds
This type of RNA carries amino acids
tRNA
Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide will result in this type of mutation
Frameshift
This is a sequence of DNA that codes for protein(s)
Gene
This is the process takes place after transcription in which mRNA is edited
mRNA splicing
This is the site on the ribosome in which the next tRNA enters the ribosome
A site
RNA is different from DNA because...
Ribose sugar; Uracil instead of Thymine; single stranded
This type of mutation is a substitution which results in a different amino acid
Missense mutation
This is the central dogma
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
How does mRNA exit the nucleus
Through nuclear pores
Describe initiation of translation
mRNA finds a ribosome and binds to it; the start codon (AUG) codes for a tRNA carrying the amino acid methionine; this tRNA enters the ribosome at the P site and translation begins
These are the types of RNA involved in translation
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Why can one difference in amino acid sequence be harmful?
The protein shape can be altered by just one change in amino acid; if the shape is incorrect the function of the protein is incorrect