DNA Replication
How does genetic information get from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm?
mRNA (messenger DNA)
What is the function of tRNA synthesized during transcription?
A) carrying amino acids to the ribosome
B) forming the structural components of ribosomes
C) carrying genetic code
D) modifying pre-mRNA
A) carrying amino acids to the ribosome
Where does translation take place?
In the ribosome.
Ribosome
an organelle in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place.
What is DNA replication?
The process of creating a new strand of DNA
Why does DNA replicate?
DNA replicates so that when the cell splits, there can be a full set of DNA in each cell.
What type of RNA is synthesized during transcription?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) All the Above
D) All the Above
What 3 letter group starts translation?
"AUG"
Transcription
How many strands does mRNA have?
1
What kind of bond is found between the paired bases of the DNA double helix?
Hydrogen Bond
Where does transcription occur in Eukaryotic cells?
A) cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosome
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Nucleus
When do we know to stop translation? Example?
When a stop codon is trasnfered.
(UAA, UAG, or UGA)
Codon
“3 letter word” that codes for a specific amino acid.
What is the function of an anticodon on tRNA during translation?
A) Binds the ribosome
B) Matches the codon on the mRNA
C) Initiates Elongation
D) Causes termination of translation
B) Matches the codon on the mRNA
What is the backbone of DNA made of? (There's 2)
Deoxyribose and phosphate groups
Discuss the different roles of the different types of RNA. (There are 3)
mRNA- this is the messenger RNA that carries the genetic information out of the nucleus and to the ribosome.
tRNA- this is the RNA that amino acids are attached to and then when it goes into the ribosome it connect with the other amino acids to create chain.
rRNA- this is a strand of RNA that controls the ribosome and tells it how to act.
Explain the process of translation.
the process of mRNA bringing the copied strand of DNA to the ribosome where the tRNA brings corresponding amino acids to them create a peptide chain.
Peptide Bond
The type of bonds that hold together amino acids in order to make proteins
What is the role of a ribosome?
to provide structure for which translation can occur
What information is coded into DNA?
The instructions to build a protein.
Explain the process of transcription.
Transcription is the process of a DNA strand splitting and creating RNA. This RNA also known as mRNA then carries this genetic information out of the nucleus to them perform translation.
What is the difference between a codon and an anti-codon?
A codon a group of 3 letters in the RNA strand that make up and sequence and an anti-codon is the 3 letter groups that corresponds with it.
Protein Synthesis
Decoding of a strand of mRNA into a stand of amino acids
Why is translation needed?
In order for the cell to manufacture the proteins