DNA
What do the letters DNA mean?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Who discovered transformation & what does it mean in biology?
Griffith. A harmless bacteria is changed into a harmful one.
What does helicase do in DNA replication?
Helicase unzips the DNA strands
What is the sugar in DNA & RNA?
Deoxyribose, ribose
What do the letters RNA mean?
Ribonucleic acid
What are the 3 components of a DNA molecule?
A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
Describe Avery's experiment & what it showed.
What does DNA polymerase do in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase uses each unwound DNA strand as a template to make a complementary strand
What is the base composition of DNA & RNA?
A,T,G,C & A,U,G,C
What are the components of an RNA molecule?
phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, & nitrogenous base
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases that make up DNA?
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Describe Hershey & Chase's experiment using bacteriophages & what is a bacteriophage?
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, were labeled with radioactive isotopes: one on its protein coat and the other inside its DNA. Radioactivity was observed inside the bacteria proving that DNA was the transforming factor.
When does termination occur in DNA replication?
Only after the entire chromosome has been copied
What is the structure of the strands in DNA & RNA?
Double-stranded & single-stranded
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases that make up RNA?
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
What rule says that [A]=[T] and [G]=[C]?
Chargaff's Rule
Who made the first accurate model of the DNA structure?
Watson & Crick
What is the difference in prokaryotic & eukaryotic DNA replication?
Replication occurs at a single point in prokaryotes & in multiple points in eukaryotes
Where is DNA & RNA located in the cell?
Nucleus; nucleus & cytoplasm
What is the name of the sugar in RNA?
Ribose
What is the name of the sugar in DNA?
Deoxyribose
Who was responsible for providing the missing & most important piece of the DNA puzzle to the DNA structure mystery? What tool was used to make the discovery? What was the name of the discovery?
Rosalind Franklin, X-ray diffraction, Photo 51
What is the Y-shaped area called that is opened up when the DNA strands are separated?
Replication fork
What is the function of DNA & RNA?
Make instructions for protein synthesis; copy instructions & make proteins
What are the 3 types of RNA & the function of each?
mRNA-carries messages from DNA to ribosome
rRNA-makes up ribosomes
tRNA-delivers amino acids to ribosome