DNA in Protein Synthesis
A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a protein
A gene
This is the enzyme that reads DNA and builds mRNA.
RNA polymerase
Translation occurs with this cell structure
Ribosomes
AUG has been switched to ATG
substitution
The two major steps of protein synthesis.
transcription and translation
The part of DNA that signals RNA polymerase where to start transcription.
A promoter
Transcription happens in this part of the cell.
the nucleus
These molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA
AUG has been changed to AUUG
Insertion
The organelle that mRNA is sent in order to translate
The DNA strand used as a blueprint to make mRNA.
the template strand
This base replaces thymine in RNA.
uracil
A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid
A codon
A mutation caused by adding or removing one or two bases.
a frameshift mutation
What does the central dogma describe? (not just the steps)
The flow of information
These small units make up DNA and include a sugar, phosphate, and base.
Nucleotides
The DNA strand that is actually used as a template during transcription.
The template strand
This codon signals the start of translation. (specific codon)
AUG
Translation cannot occur
The reason cells perform protein synthesis.
to build proteins needed for structure or function
The order of these determines which protein is made.
the sequence of bases
Transcription could not occur
This bond joins amino acids together during translation.
peptide bond formation
Give me an example of a mutation that is silent (has no effect)
(open ended)
What is gene expression?
Turning DNA into a protein