DNA Structure and replication
List the pairs of bases that are found in DNA.
What are guanine=cytosine, adenine=thymine.
This is produced in transcription
What is a messenger RNA?
This is produced in translation.
What are amino acid sequences known as proteins?
A permanent change that happens in a cell's DNA
What is a mutation?
The cell phase in which DNA replication takes place.
What is interphase?
What nucleotide replaces thymine in both transcription and translation?
Uracil
The site where translation occurs.
What is the ribosome?
Define and give examples of a mutagen
What is something that causes a mutation, for example chemicals or radiation.
Describe the basic structure of DNA.
What is a Double-Helix molecule that has sugar phosphate bases and bases facing towards each other in the middle.
The site where trancription occurs.
What is within the cell nucleus?
The type of RNA that forms ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is rRNA?
The types of mutation that will move every base afterwards one forward or one back. This will completely mess up every amino acid after the mutation.
What is frameshift? (Includes insertion and deletion)
The function of the enzymes DNA helicase and DNA polymerase
DNA helicase unzips the double helix to allow for replication to begin and DNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of appropriate nucleotides to the new DNA strand
The enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis and binds to a specific section where an mRNA strand will be synthesized.
What is RNA polymerase?
Smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to their ribosome
What is tRNA?
What is a stop codon?
The last three bases in an mRNA sequence. This will indicate that the amino acid chain is complete.
Describe how the leading strand and the lagging strand of DNA replicate including direction
The leading strand is built continuously by the addition of complementary nucleotides to the 3' end, toward the replication fork.
The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in small segments called Okazaki fragments in the direction toward the replication fork and later connected.
The types of RNA associated with codons and anticodons.
What is codons are a sequence of 3 coded nucleotides which are found in mRNA, while an anticodon is a sequence of 3 coded nucleotides found in tRNA.
The first codon of a DNA sequence making a protein will code for this amino acid.
What is methionine?
The term for when parental strands of DNA separate, serve as templates, and produce DNA molecules that have one strand of parental DNA and one new DNA strand
What is semiconservative replication?