DNA Structure & Cell Cycle
What are the four base pairs of DNA?
A, T, G, C
What enzyme has two jobs?
DNA Polymerase
What is the goal of transcription?
Copy DNA to mRNA
What is the goal of translation?
Make proteins
This type of mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is swapped for another, usually having a less severe effect.
Substitution
What type of bonds holds the nitrogenous bases together?
Hydrogen Bond
What enzyme unzips the DNA double helix?
Helicase
In eukaryotes, transcription takes place in this organelle.
Nucleus
This type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
This type of mutation effect, caused by an insertion or deletion, shifts the reading frame of the genetic code, often ruining the resulting protein.
Frameshift
What is Chargaff's Rule?
A%=T%; C%=G%
What is Primases job?
Primes with RNA primers for polymerase to read.
Transcribe the following: TAG - CCG - AGC - AAA - TCC - ATT
AUG - GGC - UCG - UUU - AGG - UAA
This organelle is the site of translation where proteins are assembled.
Ribosome
These, such as UV radiation or certain chemicals, are external agents that cause mutations.
Mutagens
What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
What are the fragments that Ligase glues together?
Okazaki Fragments
Transcription produces this type of nucleic acid, which carries instructions for proteins.
mRNA
This three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA codes for a specific amino acid.
Codon
This type of mutation changes the DNA sequence but does not change the resulting amino acid, often due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.
Silent Mutation
What is the complementary strand for the following: TAC GGG TAG ACT TTA AAT ACG
ATG CCC ATC TGA AAT TTA TGC
What helps topoisomerase hold the double helix open? Write out the whole name.
Single Stranded Binding Proteins
This is the main enzyme responsible for transcription.
RNA Polymerase
The three-base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
Anticodon.
All mutations are harmful.