Genetics
Transcription
Translation
RNA
More Transcription
100
What process is shown below?
Translation
100
Name the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA.
**DOUBLE JEOPARDY: (must answer the original question to be eligible for DJ)
Correct identify the nitrogen base pairs.
Adenine & Thymine
Guanine & Cytosine
100
A codon with nitrogenous bases AUA would bind with anticodon....
UAU
100
Which type of RNA carries DNA's information from the nucleus to ribosomes?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
100
Where does transcription happen?
The nucleus
200
Define "semi-conservative" in terms of DNA replication.
DNA is double stranded. When DNA is replicated, 1 strand from the original DNA helix is conserved and 1 new strand is built. Only half of the original DNA helix is 'conserved' in the 2 new strands thus semi-conservative.
200
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
200
3 RNA nucleotides on a tRNA strand are called a(n)...
anticodon
200
Which type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosomes?
tRNA
200
What molecule does transcription start with?
DNA
300
What is a chromosome?
Condensed DNA coiled around proteins.
300
Name the enzyme responsible for breaking hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.
Helicase
300
mRNA binds to a ___________ before tRNA can bind anticodons to complementary codons.
ribosome
300
Name 3+ differences between DNA & RNA
(1 difference = DNA is/does _____ and RNA is/does ____)
- DNA is trapped in the nucleus, RNA can leave the nucleus
- DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
- DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil
- DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose
300
Transcription is the first step in which process?
Protein Synthesis
400
What 3 structures/molecules are in a DNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
400
3 RNA nucleotides on an mRNA strand are called a(n)...
codon
400
Label B is identifying...
An amino acid
400
Explain the relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Each gene, a section of DNA, codes for a protein. RNA transfers the information from the nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
400
Is the template strand the TOP or BOTTOM strand in the DNA molecule?
The bottom strand is the template, you can determine this by noticing that the Adenine starting the mRNA strand would pair with the Thymine at the start of the bottom DNA strand.
500
You want to test T-Rex blood to see what DNA nitrogen bases make up the blood sample. The blood is 22% Guanine, solve for the other 3 nitrogen bases.
Guanine = 22%
Cytosine = 22%
Adenine = 28%
Thymine = 28%
500
A scientist is studying a DNA strand and determines that 17% of the strand is composed of guanine (G). What percentage should be Uracil (U) in the transcribed mRNA strand?
33% Uracil.
17% G = 17% C; 17 + 17 = 34% G&C
100%-34% = 66% A&U; 66/2 = 33% A and 33% U
500
Explain the steps of transcription, a summary is acceptable.
DNA unwinds and is "unzipped" when Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. A gene in DNA is read by an enzyme and transcription begins, the assembling of RNA bases into an mRNA strand using a DNA template strand. Once the mRNA strand is complete, it detaches from the DNA molecule and the DNA helix "zips" up and returns to a helix.
500
What is the pink structure in ALL nucleotides?
**DOUBLE JEOPARDY: (must answer the first question correctly first) What is the pink structure in DNA called and what is the pink structure in RNA called?
All nucleotides: Sugar
DNA: Deoxyribose
RNA: Ribose
500
What is the "Central Dogma" of genetics?
DNA --> RNA --> Proteins
DNA is the template to make mRNA which binds to a ribosome where tRNA then delivers amino acids that bond together to form a protein.