DNA
The pentose (5-carbon sugar) found in deoxyribonucleic acid
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
Forms part of the ribosomes along with proteins, a cell protein factory
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
During DNA replication, the parent strand that runs in the 3 to 5 direction is copied to produce the leading strand
What is leading strand?
The process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes.
What is Protein synthesis?
A base is added
What is insertion?
A length of DNA that codes for a particular polypeptide or protein
What is a gene?
Sequence of three unpaired bases on a tRNA molecule that binds with a codon on mRNA
What is an anticodon?
In which one completely new double helix would be made from the old one
What is conservative replication?
A stage in protein synthesis during which a sequence of nucleotides in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is converted into a corresponding sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain; it takes place at ribosomes
What is Translation?
A base is replaced by a different base
What is substitution?
An enzyme that copies DNA; it runs along the separated DNA strands lining up one complementary nucleotide at a time ready for joining by DNA ligase
What is DNA polymerase?
A form of nucleic acid found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, has a ribose sugar, and contains the organic bases adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
What is RNA?
An organic nitrogen base combined with a pentose sugar and phosphate; phosphate ester of a nucleotide
What is a nucleotide ?
Copying the genetic information in a molecule of DNA into a complementary strand of mRNA; a single strand of the DNA is used as a template (this is called the template or transcribe strand) - the enzyme responsible is RNA polymerase
What is Transcription?
A type of gene mutation caused by insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides, resulting in incorrect reading of the sequence of triplets in the genetic code due to a shift in the reading frame
What is a Frame-shift mutation?
All of an organism's (cells) genetic material
What is genome?
Single strand RNA that is formed by the process of transcription of the genetic code in the nucleus that then moves to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is mRNA?
An enzyme that catalyzes the joining together of two nucleotides with covalent phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication
What is DNA ligase?
Three letter, each sequence of bases stands for one amino acid; always read in the same direction
What is the triplet code?
A change in the base sequence in part of a DNA molecule.
What is gene mutation?
An enzyme that catalyzes the joining together of two nucleotides with covalent phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication
What is DNA ligase?
Sequence of three bases on an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid or for a stop signal
What is a codon?
In which new molecule would contain one old strand and one new one
What is semi-conservative replication?
A nucleotide present in every living cell, formed in photosynthesis and respiration from ADP and Pi and functioning in metabolism as a common intermediate between energy-requiring and energy yielding reactions
What is Adenosine triphosphate?
A random and unpredictable change in the structure or number of chromosomes in a cell
What is chromosome mutation?