DNA Basics
In which organelle is an organisms DNA found?
The nucleus.
Which molecule is produced during transcription?
How many nitrogenous base pairs are code for one amino acid? (How many base pairs in a codon)?
What is three?
**Which protein helps fight off infections? ***
What are antibodies?
A mutation affecting the production of melanin can cause this condition, where individuals have very little pigment in their skin, hair, and eyes.
What is albinism?
** A segment of DNA that codes for a protein. **
What is a gene?
The number and type of nitrogen bases in DNA determines which of the following -
A) the number of ribosomes
B) the sequence of the amino acids
C) Size of the nucleus
B) Sequence of the Amino Acids
This type of codon signals the ribosome to stop building the protein.
What is a stop codon?
Enzyme function is most impacted by what factor?
A genetic disorder caused by a mutation in hemoglobin that leads to red blood cells becoming sickle-shaped and carrying less oxygen.
What is sickle cell disease?
In RNA, the DNA base Thymine is replaced with which nitrogenous base?
What is uracil? (U)
**Where does transcription occur within eukaryotic cells? ***
What is the NUCLEUS?
What organelle reads the mRNA strand, and coordinates the amino acids into be turned into specific proteins?
What is the ribosome?
This type of mutation occurs when a single base change causes one amino acid to be replaced with another.
What is a subsitution mutation?
This genetic condition occurs when individuals have an extra copy of chromosome 21 due to an error during cell division.
What is Down syndrome?
What are the full names of the DNA nitrogen bases (A,C,T,G)?
What are Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine
The enzyme responsible for 'unzipping DNA', and building an RNA strand using a DNA template.
What is DNA Polymerase?
*** Where does translation occur within cells? ***
Within the cytoplasm
Name this mutation - when a DNA nitrogenous base is changed, but it has no impact on the amino acids produced, leading to no change in the proteins produced
This genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in a gene that normally helps move salt and water across cell membranes, leading to thick mucus in the lungs and digestive system.
What is cystic fibrosis?
If a DNA strand has the base sequence A–T–G–C–C–A, this will be the complementary sequence on the opposite DNA strand.
What is T–A–C–G–G–T?
What is the name of the proteins that bind to DNA and control whether certain genes are turned on or off?
What are regulatory proteins (transcription factors)?
This type of codon signals the ribosome to start creating a protein (beginning of the sequence). You must name the specific name of this codon for full credit.
What is MET (Start Codon)? Half credit awarded for just 'start codon'.
In order to be passed down to offspring, a mutation needs to occur in which type of cell?
What is germ cell (will also accept gamete, sperm, egg, etc.)
This is not a genetic disorder, but instead a disease spreads when people eat contaminated beef (often the brains) and is caused not by bacteria or viruses but by misfolded proteins that cause brain tissue to deteriorate.
What is Mad Cow Disease?