Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Processes & Vocabulary

100

Gene expression means cells can turn on and off certain ____________ when exposed to certain chemical or temperatures.

A. proteins

B. genes

C. mRNA

D. chromosomes

B. genes

200

A fox is usually brown all over, but when temperatures drop blow 30 degrees, a pigment that causes them to turn white is produced. What is likely the cause of this change?

A. Poor health of the fox

B. A change in hormones

C. Temperature change causes certain genes to be turned on

D. Infection

C. Temperature change causes certain genes to be turned on

300

What process is shown in the diagram, transcription or translation?

Transcription (DNA to mRNA)

400

All cells in an organisms have the same ________ but they are able to express different ________.

A. proteins, DNA

B. traits, genes

C. genomes, proteins

D. genes, chromosomes

C. genomes, proteins

Transcription & Translation Practice

100

Transcribe the following DNA strand into mRNA:

TACGATTCT

AUG | CUA | AGA

200

Give the peptide strand for the DNA strand shown below:

TACAGGCCCACT

A. Methionine, Serine, Histidine, STOP   B. Methionine, Serine, Proline, STOP

C. Methionine, Phenylalanine,  Glycine, STOP   D. Methionine, Serine, Glycine, STOP

mRNA: AUG | UCC | GGG | UGA

D. Methionine, Serine, Glycine, STOP

300

Which amino acids are coded for in the DNA below?

GTA | ATG | CGC | TCA

A. Leucine - Alanine - Serine - Tyrosine    C. Histidine - Leucine - Tyrosine - Alanine

B. Histidine -  Tyrosine - Alanine - Serine  D. Alanine - Histidine - Alanine - Serine

           GTA   ATG  CGC  TCA

mRNA: CAU  UAC  GCG  AGU

            His    Tyr   Ala   Ser

B. Histidine -  Tyrosine - Alanine - Serine

400

A DNA triplet reads: GCC

Which change to the DNA triplet will affect the amino acid produced?

A. GCA

B. GCT

C. GCG

D. GTC

GCC --> CGG --> Arginine

A. GCA --> CGU --> Arginine

B. GCT --> CGA --> Arginine

C. GCG --> CGC --> Arginine

D. GTC --> CAG --> Glutamine

Mutations

100

Mutation where one nitrogen base is replaced by another is called--

A. Insertion 

B. Substitution

C. Deletion

D. Inversion

B. Substitution

200

Mutations can lead to problems because--

A. all cells need DNA

B. the DNA in each cell of the body is different

C. a mutation can lead to the production of an incorrect molecule like sugar

D. a mutation can cause an incorrect protein to be made

D. a mutation can cause an incorrect protein to be made, NOT SUGARS!!!

300

Normal DNA:  TGAGGTCTCCTC

Mutated DNA: TGAGGTCACCTC

What type of mutation is shown above?

A. Substitution

B. Insertion

C. Frameshift

D. Deletion

A. Substitution (T to A)

400

The following is given as a DNA strand: 

AAT | TCG | GGT | CGA | ATT

Which of the following shows a frameshift mutation of the DNA strand?

A. AAT | TCG | GGA | CGA | ATT

B. AAT | TCG | GGT | CGA | ATT

C. UUA | UGC | CCA | GCU | UAA

D. AAT | TCG | GGC | GAA | TT

A. AAT | TCG | GGA | CGA | ATT (SUB)

B. AAT | TCG | GGT | CGA | ATT (SUB)

C. UUA | UGC | CCA | GCU | UAA

D. AAT | TCG | GGC | GAA | TT (DELETION)

500

A DNA sequence is given: GGG CCA AAT AGA

Which mutated sequence has the greatest effect on the protein?

A. GGG CAA AAT AGA   B. GGG CCT AAT AGA

C. GGG CTA ATT AGA   D. GGG CCC AAT AGA

GGG CCA AAT AGA

CCC GGU UUA UCU

PRO GLY LEU SER

A. CCC GUU UUA UCU

    PRO VAL  LEU  SER

B. CCC GGA UUA UCU

    PRO  GLY  LEU SER

C. CCC GAU UAA UCU

    PRO ASP STOP

D. CCC GGG UUA ACA

   PRO  GLY   LEU  THR

Mutations 2

100

Give one way a mutation can benefit a species.

-Mutations provide variation to genetic code

-Mutations create new strains of bacteria or viruses

200

Which codon will lead to translation stopping?

A. UGG   B. AAG   C. AAA   D. UAG

D. UAG

300

What is the cause of an insertion mutation?

A. Bases are exchanged for others in the DNA strand.

B. Bases are deleted from the DNA strand.

C. Bases are damaged on the DNA strand.

D. Bases are added to the DNA strand.

D. Bases are added to the DNA strand.

400

What mutation has occurred above?

A. deletion of a nitrogen base has produced a new nucleotide

B. substitution of a base has produced a different polypeptide

C. insertion of a base has led to the production of a new polypeptide

D. deletion of a base has caused the production of a different polypeptide

D. deletion of a base has caused the production of a different polypeptide

500

Why do some mutations cause changes to the protein produced while others don't?

A. Each protein requires multiple amino acids

B. Some amino acids occur more frequently than others

C. Proteins require many codon combinations

D. Each amino acid is coded for by multiple mRNA codons

D. Each amino acid is coded for by multiple mRNA codons