Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis Practice
Mutations
Cell Basics
Organelles 1
Organelles 2
Miscellaneous
100
A ______ is a section of DNA that provides the code to make a protein.
gene
100
Transcribe the following DNA bases into RNA bases:
ATA GAA CGT
UAU CUU GCA
100
Which type of gene mutation is most likely to be neutral or lead to a new beneficial trait for an organism?
substitution
100
These types of cells do not have a nucleus or organelles
prokaryotic cells
100
This organelle controls what enters or leaves the cell
cell membrane
100
The rigid structure surrounding the plant cell that provides protection
Cell wall
100
How does the DNA in all of your cells compare?
It's all the same
200
These biomolecules are like the essential workers in living things since they do much of the work that keeps them alive.
proteins
200
Use the mRNA codon chart to translate the following RNA codons into amino acids:
AUG CAA UUU
Met Gln Phe
200
What type of mutations affect many genes and usually cause serious problems for the organism?
chromosome mutations
200
These types of cells are large, complex and contain organelles
eukaryotic cells
200
What is the function of the mitochondria
Produces energy (ATP)
200
This is the site of photosynthesis
the chloroplast
200
What type of cell is this?
Plant cell
300
Put the following terms in the correct order in which they occur during protein synthesis: RNA, Protein, DNA
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
300
Use the mRNA codon chart to translate the following RNA codons into amino acids:
GAU CCU AAG
Asp Pro Lys
300
A mutation is a change in an organism's ______.
DNA
300
What is the name of the type of cell division that body cells, such as skin, pancreas and liver cells go through?
mitosis
300
Chloroplast
300
Where is DNA mainly found in a cell?
The nucleus
300
What type of cell is this?
Animal Cell
400
The first part of protein synthesis is called transcription. This is when DNA is transcribed into RNA. In which organelle does transcription happen?
nucleus
400
Transcribe the following DNA bases into RNA bases:
CCC ATT GAC
GGG UAA CUG
400
What type of gene mutations lead to frameshifts in which everything after the initial mutation gets messed up?
deletions and insertions
400
Which type of cell evolved first on Earth?
prokaryotic cells
400
The control center of the cell
Nucleus
400
Which two organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells
chloroplast and cell wall
400
Cells spend most of their lives in interphase. Name two things that most cells do during interphase.
1. Cells grow
2. Cells replicate their DNA
3. Cells perform their specific functions
500
The second part of protein synthesis is called translation. This is when RNA is translated into a protein. Which organelles do translation?
ribosomes
500
Use the mRNA codon chart to translate the following RNA codons into amino acids:
UCG GCU UAG
Ser Ala Stop
500
Gene mutations are only damaging to the organism if they result in what?
a messed up protein
500
List three structures that are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm
500
This organelle breaks down cellular waste and recycles it
lysosome
500
This organelle makes proteins
ribosome
500
Briefly explain how different types of cells become specialized.
Cells only turn on the genes that they need to make the specific proteins necessary for their specialized structures and functions.