DNA vs. RNA
The sugar that RNA contains
Ribose
The location of transcription
Nucleus
Ribosome
The molecule which holds the instructions for making proteins
DNA
What are Mutations?
Mutations are changes in DNA that can impact the proteins expressed by the cell
The monomer of both DNA and RNA
Nucleotide
The product of transcription
mRNA
Group of three bases found on mRNA
Codon
The physical expression of a protein
Trait
Where do Mutations Occur?
They occur at the nucleotide level and at the chromosomal level
The nitrogen base that replaces thymine in RNA
Uracil
The molecule that is used as a template in transcription
DNA
This molecule carries the building block of proteins
tRNA
When a mutation happens in a somatic cell what occurs?
The mutation only affects the individual organism.
What are the potential long-term implications of mutations in gametes?
They potential long-term implications can lead to beneficial Gene's being expressed an increase an organisms fitness, it can create no change to an organisms fitness, or it can cause that particular organism to die off completely.
The organelle which RNA must leave in order for proteins to be made
Nucleus
The enzyme that temporarily unzips DNA and builds RNA
RNA Polymerase
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
The role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation is to carry specific amino acids to the ribosome and match them with the corresponding codons on the messenger RNA (mRNA) using its anticodon.
When a mutation happens in an organisms gametes what occurs?
The mutation will be passed onto future generations.
How are frameshift mutations caused?
They are caused by an insertion or deletion of a nucleotide
What are the two types of RNA we have learned in class?
mRNA & tRNA
What is the purpose of transcription in protein synthesis?
The purpose is it produces, a copy of the gene containing the instructions for a particular protein.
The polymer of a protein that is produced in translation
Polypeptide
How can mutations impact gene expression?
mutations can have no effect (No change to an organisms fitness), slightly alter function (Increase Fitness), or completely disrupt (Decrease Fitness).
Discuss how understanding protein synthesis and mutations can be applied to real-world scenarios in fields such as medicine and what diseases could potentially occur due to a mutation.
One real-world application of understanding protein synthesis and mutations is in genetic medicine, Scientists can use this knowledge to correct genetic mutations that cause diseases like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, or certain cancers.