Transcription
Translation
Gene Mutations
Chromosome Mutations
Random
100
What are the base-paring rules for converting DNA --> mRNA?
A --> U
T --> A
C --> G
G --> C
100
What is a codon?
A set of three mRNA nucleotides in a row that code for an amino acid?
100
What type of mutation is shown below?
Original DNA: AACTGATTA
mutated DNA: AACTTGATTA
insertion
100
Name the four types of chromosomal mutations.
duplication, deletion, inversion, translocation
100
What is the correct flow of genetic information during protein synthesis? (hint: there are 4 molecules you must use)
DNA --> mRNA --> polypeptide -> protein
200
Transcribe the following DNA sequence into mRNA:
AATGCATTAGCA
UUACGUAAUCGU
200
Translate the following mRNA sequence:
AUG CCA GUG GAA UGA
met-pro-val-glu-STOP
200
What is a silent mutation?
A substitution that does not result in any change to the growing polypeptide (no amino acids are changed in the protein).
200
What type of chromosomal mutation is shown in this image?
deletion of chromosome 21 (monosomy 21)
200
What do we call any substance that can cause a mutation?
a mutagen
300
Where does transcription take place?
the nucleus
300
Where does translation take place?
the cytoplasm/at a ribosome
300
What type of mutation is shown below (be specific!):
original mRNA: AUG UUA GUG UAA
mutated mRNA: AUG UUC GUG UAA
missense
300
What type of chromosomal mutation is shown in this image? 
duplication of the X chromosome (XXY male)
300
What process is being described: the fusing of a haploid sperm cell with a haploid egg cell to produce a diploid zygote?
fertilization (sexual reproduction)
400
How many strands are there in an mRNA molecule?
a single strand (1)
400
Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence:
TAC CGA CTA GAA ACT
mRNA: AUG GCU GAU CUU UGA
amino acids: met-ala-asp-leu-STOP
400
What type of mutation is shown below (be specific!):
original mRNA: AUG UUA GUG UAA
mutated mRNA: AUG UUA GUA UAA
silent
400
Which of the four common types of chromosomal mutations would be most difficult to see on a karyotype?
an inversion
400
What do we call a chromosomal mutation when a section of the chromosome has reversed direction?
an inversion
500
X and Y are processes involved in protein synthesis. What do X and Y represent?
X = transcription
Y = translation
500
What are the tree types of RNA that need to be present for translation to occur?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
500
What two types of gene mutations can result in a frameshift?
an insertion or a deletion
500
What do we call a chromosomal mutation when two non-homologous chromosomes break off pieces of themselves and swap portions?
a translocation
500
A certain mutation results in the swapping of an Asn for a Lys amino acid. A portion of the protein sequence that has a mutation is shown below:
met-val-lys-trp
Your patient has the following DNA sequence
TAC CAA TTA ACC
Do they have the mutation?
No! Their third amino acid is an Asn, not a Lys, like the mutated example!