Transcription
The strand of DNA that is transcribed is called ____?
The antisense or template strand
A large subunit and small subunit
The 3' tail is made up of what ?
100-250 Adenine base pairs
Codons are read in groups of ____?
Groups of 3 base pairs
The strand that is not transcribed is called what?
The sense or coding strand
What happens when a stop codon is reached? What molecule is placed in the A site?
Release factor
Transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in what type of cell?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the function of mRNA
To travel into the nucleus and copy DNA - Contains the codons of the gene that each specify an amino acid in the protein
What direction does RNA polymerase synthesizes a mRNA
5' to 3'
Where does the amino acid bind onto the tRNA?
Acceptor site - 3' end
What enzyme places the 3' tail?
Poly-A-polymerase
What is the role of tRNA?
Contains an anti-codon that links with the codons found in the mRNA
Has a specific amino acid that corresponds to its anti-codon and brings the amino acid to the ribosome
RNA polymerase binds at promoter indicated by the presence of what base pairs?
TATA Box
What is the function of the P site and the A site
P site - forms peptide bonds, A site - amino acid acceptor
What are the purpose of spliceosomes?
Spliceosome cut out introns (non coding region) of mRNA and regions the exons (coding regions)
What is the mRNA sequence that would be produced from this template strand?
5' - TAC ACG GAT ACT - 3'
3' - AUG UGC CUA UGA - 5'
DNA is contained within the nucleus of the cell, but protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.... how do we ensure we can copy our DNA without the risk of degradation?
Using mRNA - travels into the nucleus to copy the DNA and then exits and goes back into cytoplasm
When does initiation occur in translation?
When the initiator tRNA occupies the P site or AUG of the mRNA enters the P site
Why must a 5’ cap and 3’ tail be added to our mRNA before leaving the nucleus
To protect mRNA from digestion by nuclease and makes the RNA more stable protecting it from degradation
Why are mutations or errors in protein synthesis (maybe during translation) concerning?
Can change the sequence of amino acids leading to the wrong protein being synthesized