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RNA
Transcription
Translation
Genetic Code
Mutations
100
This is the shape of an RNA molecule.
What is single helix?
100
This is where mRNA gets the message from and carries it into the cytoplasm.
What is DNA templates?
100
In this process, nucleic acid language is translated to this.
What is amino acid language?
100
The language of A,C,G and U is called this.
What is the genetic code?
100
Heritable changes in genetic information.
What are mutations?
200
This is the nitrogenous base found only in RNA.
What is uracil?
200
This is the enzyme used to transcribe the message from DNA to RNA. It binds to DNA and separates the strands to use one side as a template.
What is RNA polymerase?
200
Amino acids are coded from this strand.
What is mRNA?
200
Amino acids joined together in long chains.
What is a polypeptide?
200
These kinds of mutations occur at a single point in a DNA sequence.
What are point mutations?
300
This type of RNA carries information from DNA in the nucleus to other parts of the cell.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
300
This is the location that RNA polymerase binds to on the DNA to have specific base sequences.
What are promoters?
300
Translation takes place between codons and these.
What are anticodons?
300
The three bases the code along a mRNA strand that code for a particular amino acid are called this.
What is a codon?
300
These kinds of mutations shift the "reading frame" of the genetic message.
What are frameshift mutations?
400
This type of RNA transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by the coded messages in mRNA.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
400
This is part of RNA editing and these are cut out and thought to be discarded.
What are introns?
400
This is the location of translation.
What is the ribosome?
400
This is how it is known to stop or start translation.
What is a stop or start codon?
400
These kinds of mutations involve changes in the number or structure of chromosomes.
What are chromosomal mutations?
500
Ribosomes are made of several of these molecules and this is where proteins are assembled.
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
500
During this process uracil replaces this nitrogenous base.
What is thymine?
500
This is what the codon CAC codes into. (see pg. 367 honors)
What is histidine?
500
tRNA contains these which are complementary to one codon and translates the mRNA message to an amino acid.
What is an anticodon?
500
These kinds of gene mutations often have no effect on phenotype because they simply substitute for another base.
What is a substitution or silent mutation?