DNA structure
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the base pair rule?
A-T and C-G
What is DNA replication?
The process of making a copy of DNA. (2 new identical strands)
Am I double or single stranded?
Single stranded
What is the outcome of transcription?
A transcribed strand of messenger RNA
What is the outcome of translation?
A protein (or polypeptide)
What is the name of the shape of DNA?
A double helix.
Hydrogen bonds.
What is the unzipping enzyme?
Helicase
What kind of sugar do I have?
Ribose
What is the enzyme involved in transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is tRNA (transfer RNA)?
tRNA reads the mRNA and brings in the correct amino acid.
What is a nucleotide?
A phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and a base (nitrogenous)
What is a purine?
Adenine and guanine, 2-carbon nitrogen ring.
What enzyme adds the bases and proofreads it's work?
DNA polymerase
What makes my nitrogen bases different from DNA?
Uracil instead of thymine
Where does transcription occur?
The nucleus
What is a codon?
A codon is a 3 letter "word" or group of bases that code for specific amino acids.
What type of bond holds the backbone together?
Covalent holds the backbone together since it is strong.
What is a pyrimidine?
Thymine and Cytosine, 1-carbon nitrogen ring.
What enzyme glues together the small sections (Okazaki fragments) of bases on the lagging strand?
Ligase
What does messenger RNA (mRNA) do?
Sends a message from the nucleus to the ribosome to create proteins and begin translation.
True or false: both strands of DNA are needed for transcription.
False, only 1 strand is used at the template for transcription.
What is an anti codon?
A trinucleotide sequence that is located on one end of the tRNA which is complementary to the codon that it is reading.
If I have a strand that reads ATGGCTA, what is the complimentary strand?
TACCGAT
What scientist came up with the base pair rule?
What is the difference between the lagging and leading strand in DNA replication?
The lagging strand runs 5'-3' and DNA replication can only occur in this direction so the bases are added continuously. On the lagging strand, the bases are added in small sections because the strand runs from 3'-5' and is discontinuous.
What does rRNA do?
It makes up the ribosomes.
UUUAGCCGA
What are the start and stop codons and what do they do?
The start codon starts the entire process and the stop codons tell the tRNA that the process is complete. The stop codon does not actually code for an amino acid.