Protein Synthesis
What is the process called that converts the genetic information in DNA into proteins?
Protein Synthesis
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
To synthesize mRNA by adding complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand.
What is a codon, and how does it relate to amino acids?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
Based on the codon chart, what amino acid does the codon UAA code for?
Stop codon (does not code for an amino acid)
Which molecule is produced when DNA is transcribed?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the complementary mRNA strand for the DNA sequence AGG-CAC?
UCC-GUG
Translate the mRNA codons CUC-AGG into the corresponding amino acid sequence.
Leu-Arg
What amino acid is coded by the mRNA codon AUC?
Isoleucine (Ile)
What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
How many codons are formed from the DNA sequence AUGTTCAGTCAC?
4
Which enzyme is responsible for helping to produce the mRNA strand during transcription?
RNA polymerase
Translate the mRNA sequence AUG-GCC-CUA into its corresponding amino acids.
Methionine (Met) - Alanine (Ala) - Leucine (Leu)
What role do ribosomes play in protein synthesis?
They serve as the site of translation where mRNA is read to synthesize proteins.
What occurs in the nucleus during the transcription process?
DNA unwinds, and RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA using the DNA template.
What does tRNA do during the translation phase of protein synthesis?
tRNA brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodon with the mRNA codon.
If an mRNA strand has the sequence UGG, what is the corresponding amino acid?
Tryptophan (Trp)
Define a gene and its importance in the context of protein synthesis.
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions to make a specific protein, determining traits in an organism.
Explain the significance of the start codon in the transcription process.
The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.
If the mRNA reads GUC-AAC, what was the original DNA sequence that coded for it?
CAG-TTG
Given the mRNA sequence CCG-GAA-UUG, what is the corresponding amino acid sequence?
Proline (Pro) - Glutamic Acid (Glu) - Leucine (Leu)