Transcription
Transcription occurs here.
What is the nucleus?
Translation occurs here.
What is the ribosome?
DNA is housed in the nucleus and never allowed to exit for this purpose.
What is protection against damage?
Starting at G1, name the phases of the cell cycle in order.
What is G1, S, G2, M?
DNA and RNA are made of these monomers.
What are nucleotides?
An exact copy of DNA made during transcription.
What is mRNA?
Three mRNA bases that code for one amino acid are called this.
What is a codon?
This base is only found in RNA.
What is uracil?
During this phase, the cell divides its DNA and splits into two cells
What is mitosis?
The central dogma of biology is written like this.
What is: DNA > RNA > Protein?
A section of DNA that codes for one protein.
What is a gene?
What is AUG (Methionine)?
Describe the function of each of the following:
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
mRNA - carried DNA information to the ribosome
tRNA - brings amino acids to the ribosome based on codon-anticodon matching
rRNA - Makes up parts of the ribosome structure
The G2 checkpoint ensures these two things have happened during S Phase.
What is the entire genome has been copied and there are no mistakes?
When a person has cells that are dividing out of control, they are said to have this illness.
What is cancer?
This enzyme is responsible for making an mRNA copy during transcription.
What is RNA Polymerase?
Amino Acids are carried to the ribosome by these clover shaped molecules.
What is tRNA?
These X-shaped structures made of DNA are highly organized.
What are chromosomes?
Cells that are not preparing to divide and are resting are said to be in this phase.
What is G0?
When a cell is severely damaged, it may undergo this process, which means programmed cell death.
What is apoptosis?
Transcribe the following DNA sequence:
T A C A T G T T A G A C
What is:
A U G U A C A A U C U G
Translate the following mRNA sequence:
A U G U A C A A U C U G
Methionine - Tyrosine - Asparagine - Leucine
To save space in the nucleus, DNA is packaged in this form.
What is chromatin?
DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning what percent of the copied DNA is old and what percent is new?
The redundancy of the codon wheel (having more than one codon for each amino acid) is beneficial for this reason.
It helps protect against mutations (mistakes in the DNA)