Does Transcription come first or second in protein synthesis?
First
100
Groups of three nitrogenous bases on RNA that code for an amino acid are known as ______________.
Codons
100
What the definition of a mutation
A change in the DNA of an organism.
100
Are mutations all bad?
No, some mutations lead to beneficial changes in DNA that might make and organism more suited for its environment.
200
What is the name for the tool that we use to determine the amino acid coded for by RNA?
Codon Wheel (table)
200
Transcribe the following DNA sequence: TACCTGGGA
AUG - GAC - CCU
200
Translate the following RNA sequence: AUGGACCCU
Methionine - Aspartic Acid - Proline
200
What are the two major types of gene mutation (briefly describe each)?
Point Mutation (substitution of a single base pair) and Frameshift Mutation (change that causes the frame of reading to be shifted)
200
How does semiconservative replication tie in with proper protein creation?
semiconservative replication keeps the mutations in DNA to a minimum. So when the genes are read off and turned into protein there are little-no mistakes.
300
Who are the two men who came up with the central dogma?
Beadle and Tatum
300
Where does the protein that create mRNA attach to when it first binds to the DNA?
Promoter Region
300
What is the name of the protein that reads the mRNA during translation?
Ribosome
300
What mutation does not have any known diseases related to it? Why is this?
Silent. Because the resulting amino acid is not changed so the protein is not changed.
300
Describe the process of transcription.
RNA polymerase attaches to Template strand of DNA and reads the code while making a complementary strand of RNA
400
What does hemoglobin do?
Carries oxygen around your body in your blood stream.
400
What is the protein that reads DNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
400
Which cell organelle is the location of protein creation?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)
400
If a mutation occurs to change UAC into UAG, what type of mutation is that? Why?
Nonsense because the amino acid was changed to a stop codon.
400
Describe the steps of translation
RNA leaves nucleus, ribosome attaches, ribosome reads codons, finds appropriate amino acids, stops at a stop codon and protein goes off elsewhere.
500
Using the following DNA as your starting point, give the resulting amino acid sequence: AAATAGCATGCC
Phenylalanine - Isoleucine - Valine - Arginine
500
What is the name of the strand of DNA that is read during transcription?
Template Strand
500
How does tRNA differ from mRNA
tRNA transfers the appropriate amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain. mRNA is the message that is created by reading a gene made up of AUGC