Transcription
What are the three steps of transcription?
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
What are the three steps of translation?
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino Acids
In what process of RNA synthesis is mRNA made?
Transcription
Are mutations always bad?
No
Where does Transcription take place?
In the Nucleus
Where does Translation take place?
In the cytoplasm on the ribosome.
What is the start codon?
AUG
Where can rRNA be found?
rRNA can be found in the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
What mutation occurs when a part of the chromosome is flipped around so that it points in the opposite direction?
Inversion mutation
During Initiation, what does the RNA polymerase do?
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence and signals the DNA to unwind so it can read its bases.
During Translation, what type of bonds are made between the amino acids?
Peptide bonds are made. The final protein is a polypeptide.
How many different amino acids are there?
20
What does tRNA do during translation? What step in translation does this occur?
tRNA carries the amino acids and carries them to the mRNA, where they create a polypeptide chain; This occurs during elongation.
What is a gene mutation?
An alteration of a nucleotide sequence in a gene.
What does the spliceosome do for pre-mRNA? During splicing, what does the spliceosome do for the exons and introns?
The spliceosome turns pre-mRNA into mRNA;
The spliceosome glues together the exons, and cuts out the introns.
In what step of Translation does the EPA (e-site, p-site, a-site) process take place?
Elongation
What is a codon?
A sequence of 3 nucleotides that encodes for a specific amino acid.
Draw mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
(check in power point or packet)
What is a frameshift mutation? What does it change?
When one or two bases change in a codon; this will change the reading frame (the way the mRNA strand is read)
In what step of transcription is the G cap and poly-A-tail added to the pre-mRNA?
Elongation
What happens during the E-Site, P-Site, and A-Site process for amino acids?
A-site is when the amino acids attaches to the tRNA
P-site is when the amino acid is being held by the tRNA and is waiting to get off
E-Site is when the amino acid breaks off from the tRNA and is added to the polypeptide chain
What molecule does tRNA bring when it has reached the stop codon?
A molecule of water.
Why do the two subunits of a ribosome separate once translation is done?
Its separates so the two subunits can be reused again.
What is the difference between reciprocal translocation and nonreciprocal translocation?
Reciprocal translocation= when 2 chromosomes swap segments with each other.
Nonreciprocal translocation= when only 1 chromosome gives away a segment of its self to the other chromosome.