Protein Synthesis
These are the monomers of proteins, with names such as Methionine and Phenylalanine.
What are Amino Acids
These proteins are used to catalyze nearly every chemical reaction in our bodies.
What are Enzymes
If I wanted to create an exact genetic copy of my prize-winning cow, I could make one of these using my cow's DNA.
What is a Clone
Dr. Ology recommends wearing sunscreen daily to prevent these genetic changes from occurring in your skin tissue.
What are Mutations
This is a sequence of DNA that codes for a trait.
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in this cellular organelle.
What is the Nucleus
What is their Shape/Structure
A detective might analyze a gel as a part of this process, determining the unique genetic characteristics of an individual.
What is DNA Fingerprinting
If you are at the supermarket, Dr. Ology says food with this three letter label is safer than food that's treated with chemical pesticides.
What is GMO
People with this genetic condition often have to inject insulin to treat it.
What is Diabetes
These molecules carry the building blocks for proteins to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
What are tRNA
Enzymes are made of these chains of molecules that are folded into specific shapes.
What are Polypeptide Chains
What is a Plasmid
For patients with genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis, Dr. Ology may recommend this treatment that uses vectors to insert new genes into the patient's cells.
What is Gene Therapy
These sets of three nucleotides on the mRNA determine the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
What are Codons
This part of protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm in our cells.
What is Translation
When facilitating a reaction, enzymes bind to specific these molecules, helping them break chemical bonds or form new ones.
What are Substrates
What are Restriction Enzymes
In some cases, Dr. Ology may recommend a vaccine that contains this molecule that can be translated into protein by the patient's cells.
What is mRNA
Through bacterial transformation, scientists make this type of DNA, which contains genes from multiple organisms.
What is Recombinant DNA
rRNA is responsible for creating these bonds between the protein monomers.
What are Peptide Bonds
At high temperatures, enzymes may have their structure permanently altered, a state known as this.
What is Denatured
These organisms have been modified to contain genes from other species. For example: web-spinning goats!
What are Transgenic Organisms
Dr. Ology recommends a diet containing all 9 essential these molecules, which your body uses to synthesize important proteins.
What are Amino Acids
The DNA sequence below would be transcribed to this sequence of RNA.
TAC CCG ATA
What is AUG GGC UAU