Proteins, Carbs, and Lipids

Carbohydrates

100

What is the carbohydrate ratio?

1 : 2 : 1 

1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen

200

"Carbohydrate" can be broken into 3 root words: what are they? 

Carbo- (carbon) 

-hydr- (water)

-ate (forms names of chemical substances)

300

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? Give 2 examples

monosaccharides (ribose, glucose, galactose, fructose, deoxyribose)

400

What is an isomer? Give an example

Isomer - have the same chemical formula but different structures

ex - glucose and galactose (C6H12O6)

500

What is the definition of a functional group? 

Is a specific grouping of atoms in a molecule that determine chemical behavior

Lipids

100

What are lipids soluble in? 

Lipids are soluble in non-polar solvents 

200

Lipids are better at storing __________ than carbohydrates

Lipids are better at storing ENERGY than carbohydrates

300

Name one lipid functional group + the chemical formula

Carboxyl!! (COOH) 

400

What type of bonds form between lipids? 

Ester Bonds!!!

500

What do lipids signal in the cell (4)? 

They can sense extracellular conditions such as environmental stresses, temperature changes, salinity, and pathogen attacks

Proteins

100

What are the two types of nitrogenous base

Purines and Pyrimidines

200

What bonds make up the "backbone" of DNA? 

Phosphodiester Bonds

300

What bonds connect the anti-parallel lines of nucleotides? 

Hydrogen Bonds!

400

In a nucleotide sample the percentage of cytosine is 10%. What is the percent of the other bases?

Guanine is 10%; Adenine is 40%; thymine is 40%

500

Come to the board and draw a nucleotide! Make sure to add the 3 most important parts

check!

Lab

100

Blood sugar levels are controlled by?

The hormone Insulin

200

What are the two options when blood sugar increases?

Option 1: Glucose breaks down immediately in cell; Option 2: Glucose is stored in forms such as glycogen and triglycerides  

300

What is the different causes from Type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Type 1 happens when you are a child and Type 2 is due to environmental factor and lifestyle choices 

400

List the 4 main steps of the ELISA test.

CAP, Patient sample, DET, SUB

500

What happens in type 1 diabetes?

Autoimmune disease where body attacks beta cells in pancreas and make it near impossible to synthesize or secrete insulin. 

Random

100

What is the color of a positive test for the ELISA test?

Green

200

What does the signal peptide facilitate the transport of?

Preproinsulin

300

What hormone is released and by what part of the body when blood glucose levels are extremely low?

glucagon

alpha cells of pancreas

400

What might happen in the long run of Type 1 diabetes?

Lead to ketoacidosis --> diabetic coma or death

500

Draw the 4 functional groups of carbohydrates.

ketone

aldehyde

carbonyl

hydroxyl