Building Blocks
The building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
The bond that holds amino acids together.
What are peptide bonds?
A stable mixture of fat and a water-based liquid.
What is an emulsion?
A common problem when cooking milk when acid or heat causes casein molecules to unfold and stick together.
What is curdling?
Proteins provide this much energy per gram.
What is 4 kcal/g?
The number of amino acids found in the human body.
What are hydrogen bonds?
A mixture of fluids locked in a three-dimensional mesh, made of denatured and coagulated proteins.
What is a protein gel?
A problem when cooking milk that occurs when protein clumps formed by heat sink and burn in the bottom of the pan. It can be prevented by stirring.
What is scorching?
A substance that can resist a change in pH.
What is a buffer?
The term given for an amino acid that the human body cannot make, so we must ingest it. There are 9.
What is essential?
What is denaturation?
Examples include meringue, marshmallows, and whipped cream. Albumin (egg whites) make a good agent for this.
What is a protein foam?
A protein connective tissue that must be cooked in moist heat to soften it into gelatin.
What is collagen?
Proteins designed to attack foreign substances in the body.
What are antibodies?
A food that contains all essential amino acids.
What is a complete protein?
Results when a liquid protein (like caseins in milk) form solid clots
What is coagulation?
The protein found naturally in wheat that gives bread its stretch.
What is gluten?
Occurs between proteins and carbohydrates that causes food to brown when cooked.
What is the Maillard reaction?
Proteins act as buffers in the blood to maintain a pH of this range.
What is 7.3-7.6?
Multiple amino acids in a chain.
What is a polypeptide?
Covalent bonds that form between protein molecules at sulfur-containing side chains.
What are disulfide cross-links?
The denaturation method to develop gluten in bread.
What is mechanical denaturation?
What is kneading, beating, rolling?
The three categories of proteins found in most meats.
What is muscle fibers, connective tissue, and myoglobin?
Proteins control bodily functions by being a part of these two substances.
What are hormones and enzymes?