Carbohydrates
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide energy.
What is the basic building block of proteins?
Amino acids.
Which type of fat is generally considered to be the healthiest for your heart?
Unsaturated fats.
How are carbohydrates digested and absorbed in the body?
Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars like glucose during digestion and absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestines.
Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?
Fats (9 calories/gram).
Which type of carbohydrate is typically found in foods like bread and pasta?
Complex carbohydrates.
Which food is an example of a complete protein?
Chicken.
Which type of fat is commonly found in processed and fried foods?
Trans fats.
Describe the role of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism.
Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage.
What is the role of dietary fiber beyond aiding digestion?
It helps in maintaining bowel regularity and can contribute to lowering cholesterol levels.
What does the glycemic index measure?
The rate at which a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose levels.
What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins?
Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids, while incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids.
Which of the following oils is richest in omega-3 fatty acids?
Fish oil.
How do proteins get metabolized in the body?
Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are used to build and repair tissues or converted into energy.
Which vitamin is most associated with fat absorption?
Vitamin D.
What is the term for carbohydrates that are not digested and provide no calories?
Fiber.
Which protein-related condition results from a severe lack of protein in the diet?
Kwashiorkor.
What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid.
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Enzymes accelerate the breakdown of macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.
Name a food that is a good source of both carbohydrates and protein.
Quinoa.
Which carbohydrate is primarily stored in the liver and muscles?
Glycogen.
Which protein source is best for vegetarians to ensure they get all essential amino acids?
A combination of beans and rice.
Which type of fat is formed through hydrogenation and is linked to increased risk of heart disease?
Trans fats.
Explain the process of glycogen storage and usage.
Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles and is broken down into glucose when needed for energy.
How does a balanced diet contribute to overall health?
It ensures adequate intake of essential nutrients, supports bodily functions, and helps prevent chronic diseases.