Vocabulary
Sacrament
a religious ceremony or ritual regarded as imparting divine grace
Lutheranism
What is it?
Who created it?
Differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation
Luther believed that salvation could be achieved by faith alone, not by good work
Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith
Martin Luther
Desiderius Erasmus
Christian Humanist
Believed in a pure and simple Christian life
Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, not just provide beliefs that might help them be saved
Catholic Church needed to return to the simpler days
The Praise of Folly
Excommunicated
What is it?
Who was excommunicated?
Removed from membership of the Catholic Church
Martin Luther
Salvation
the state of being saved through faith alone or through faith and good works (acceptance into heaven)
Calvinism
What is it?
Who created it?
Believed that faith alone was sufficient for justification
Justification: process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God
Predestination: God selected some people to be saved and some people not
Calvinism became a dynamic and activist faith
John Calvin
Martin Luther
Monk in the Catholic Church
Professor at the University of Wittenberg in Germany
Lectured the bible
Wanted to know about the certainty of salvation
Bible was the only valid source of religious truth
Believed that:
human beings were powerless in the sight of an almighty God and could never do enough good work to earn salvation
Justification by Faith
Humans are not saved through their good work, but through their faith in God
Theocracy
What was it?
Who created it?
Government by divine authority
A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God
John Calvin
Indulgence
A document sold by the Church and signed by the pope that released from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death
Catholic
Main religion of Europe prior to the Protestant Reformation
Sold indulgences
Counter Reformation
Charles V
Emperor of Holy Roman Empire
Emperor Charles V believed he could convince Martin Luther to change his ideas
Martin Luther was made an outlaw
Work must be burned
Must be captured and delivered to the emperor
Reform Commission
determine the Church’s corruptions
Blamed the corruption on the pope’s corrupt policies
Occurred during Catholic Reformation
Reformation
To form again
The action or process of reforming an institution or practice
Anabaptist
Radical
Believed in complete separation of church and state
Government was supposed to be kept out of the realm of religion and it was not supposed to have any political authority over real Christians
“Thou shall not kill”
Refused to hold political office or bear arms
Voluntary community of adult believers who had undergone spiritual rebirth
All believers were equal
Ulrich Zwingli
Priest in the Swiss city of Zurich
Led church reformation in Switzerland
All paintings and decorations were removed from churches and replaced with white walls
Church services included scripture readings, prayer, and sermons
Did not agree with German Lutheranism on certain Christian rights
October 1531
War broke out between Protestant and Catholic states
Ulrich Zwingli was cut up, burned, and scattered
Council of Trent
March 1545
Lasted 18 years
Reaffirmed traditional classic teachings
Both faith and good works were declared necessary for salvation
Celibacy upheld
Belief in purgatory
Use of indulgences
Selling of indulgences was forbidden
Protestant
A member or follower of any Christian church that is separate from the Roman Catholic Church.
Angelican
What was it?
Who created it?
King was the only supreme head on earth of the (new) Church of England
King Henry VIII
Ignatius of Loyola
Created the Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
3 steps of Counter Reformation
1) Identify the problem
Reform of the Papacy by Pope Paul III
Reform Commission 1535 to determine the Church’s corruptions
Blamed the corruption on the pope’s corrupt policies
2) Educated about the problem/religion
Jesuits (Society of Jesus) founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Religious order
Special vow of absolute obedience
Used education to spread their message and establish schools
Very successful in restoring Catholicism to parts of Germany and eastern Europe
3) Solve the problem
Council of Trent
March 1545
Lasted 18 years
Reaffirmed traditional classic teachings
Both faith and good works were declared necessary for salvation
Celibacy upheld
Belief in purgatory
Use of indulgences
Selling of indulgences was forbidden