Eukaryote Basics
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have these structures surrounded by membranes, including the nucleus.
Membrane-bound organelles
According to endosymbiotic theory, this organelle is important for ATP production.
Mitochondria
Most protists live in this type of environment.
Moist/aquatic
At low population densities, this type of reproduction is beneficial because an organism does not need to find a partner.
This group of unicellular organisms is an important component of plankton and can cause red tides.
Dinoflagellates
Eukaryotes have these instead of the circular DNA found in prokaryotes.
Linear chromosomes
According to endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts originated when this type of organism was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell.
Cyanobacteria
Protists can use pseudopodia, flagella, and these short hair-like structures for movement.
Cilia
Sexual reproduction creates this benefit by producing new combinations of genes.
Genetic diversity
The protist Naegleria fowleri that enters through a swimmer's nose and can destroy brain tissue is commonly known as...
Brain-eating amoeba
This type of cell division produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from this group of bacteria.
A protist that can switch between photosynthesis and heterotrophy is called this.
Mixotroph
This hypothesis suggests organisms must continually change and evolve to stay ahead of predators or diseases.
Red queen hypothesis
This protist disease is transmitted by an Anopheline mosquito.
Malaria
This type of cell division produces 4 genetically distinct daughter cells and reduces chromosome number.
Meiosis
Name TWO pieces of evidence supporting endosymbiotic theory.
Any two of the following: their own DNA, bacterial-type ribosomes, double membranes, binary fission, or similar size to bacteria
In a ______ protist, cells generally look alike and perform the same task.
Colonial
At high population densities, sexual reproduction can be beneficial because recombination may help offspring escape these two pressures.
Disease pressure, accumulated waste
This type of protist forms a multinucleate, coenocytic mass called a plasmodium when food is found.
Slime mold
In humans, most cells have this ploidy level, meaning they contain 2 copies of each chromosome.
Diploid, or 2N
A small eukaryote is engulfed by another eukaryote, resulting in an organelle with additional membranes. This may explain the evolution of chloroplasts through this process.
Secondary endosymbiosis
Unlike colonial protists, multicellular protists have this characteristic, where cells perform different specialized functions.
Differentiated/specialized cells
Match the conditions to the most beneficial reproductive strategy: low density and good conditions versus high density with disease pressure.
Asexual reproduction at low density & good conditions
Sexual reproduction at high density & disease pressure or turbulent conditions
Some dinoflagellates live inside these animals and photosynthesize food resources for the relationship.
Corals!