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100
How is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
It is a sexually transmitted infection
100
Which group of algae are believed to be the ancestors of all plants?
Charophytes
100
Which form (gametophyte or sporophyte) is dominant in non-vascular plants?
gametophyte
100
Where does a plant embryo get nutrients from?
the endosperm
100
What is the function of the anther in a flower?
houses the microsporangia
200
Define chemoautotroph
an organism that generates its own energy from chemicals in its environment
200
what are some of the advantages and disadvantages of life on land (come up with 2 of each)
Advantage: unfiltered sunlight, less competition (at first), more CO2, Nutrient-rich soils
Disadvantage: gravity, water is scarce, UV radiation, spore/seed disperal
200
In mosses and ferns, which structure produces spores?
The sporangium
200
What are the advantages to miniaturizing the gametophyte?
gametophytes are protected from environmental stresses and receive nutrients from the parent
200
What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
makes a sticky substance to grab pollen
300
Which organism causes Sleeping sickness?
trypanosoma
300
What is sporopollenin? Its function, how it relates to life on land, and which algae express it.
Function: protect spores
Evolved to enable life on land
Also found in charophytes
300
Define heterosporous?
two types of sporophytes that make different types of spores
300
Differences between megaspores and microspores?
megaspores are the "female" spore, microspores are the "male" spores and develop into pollen
300
In this diagram, what is the structure that label E is going through?
A pollen tube
400
What does symbiotic mean? What does parasitic mean?
Symbiotic means living together. Parasitic means only one benefits, the other is either left alone or harmed.
400
What is meant by the term “alternating generations?”
Plants have 2 parts to their life cycle, a haploid gametophyte portion and a diploid sporophyte portion
400
Which letters show mitosis and meiosis?
A is meiosis, B is fertilization and mitosis
400
What occurs when the two sperm nuclei fuse with the female gametophyte?
Double fertilization: one sperm fuses with the ovum while the other fuses with the polar bodies to make endosperm
400
If a plant sporophyte has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes should be in the pollen nucleus?
4
500
Where are most protists in their food webs?
photosynthetic organisms at the bottom
500
Spores
500
Know what the different generations of the fern life cycle produce.
Sporophytes make spores, gamteophytes make gametes
500
In this diagram, which letter represents the integument?
C
500
What are 3 characteristics of monocots?
parallel leaf veins, scattered vasculature, fibrous roots, pollen has one opening, flowers in threes
600
What is endosymbiosis?
an organism that lives within another organism. the theory for the presence of chloroplasts and mitochondria
600
Where are apical meristems found?
ends of shoots and roots
600
What advantages does height give a plant
disperse spores farther, better access to light
600
Which parts of the seed came from the female gametophyte?
B and C
600
Your lab partner asks you to hand over a flower part that will eventually enclose something with endosperm, so you give her a ...?
carpel
700
When is plasmodium haploid/diploid?
Haploid in human, diploid in mosquito
700
What is vascular tissue?
cells arranged into tubes to conduct water or nutrient flow.
700
Differences between phloem and xylem?
Phloem: alive at maturity, carry organic materials
Xylem: dead at maturity, contain lignin, carries water
700
Why are gymnosperms "naked"?
they have no fruit covering the seed.
700
Name two fruit adaptations to help disperse seeds
explosive action, wings, hooks, and yumminess
800
What is protist conjugation?
exchanging genetic material
800
What did the development of vascular tissue enable?
greater height, which then enabled more access to light.
800
In this graph, what conclusions can you draw about the temperatures the plant is adapted to?
Warmer temperatures are better
800
What is the function of the ovary in a flower?
site of ovule development, becomes the fruit
800
What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
reduces variability which can result in less ability to adapt
900
What two things do dinoflagellates cause?
Red tide and bioluminescence
900
What are the three types of non-vascular plant we talked about?
mosses, hornworts, and liverworts
900
What order did the derived traits occur (cuticle, flowers, seeds, and vascular tissue)
cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers
900
What is the function of the sepal in a flower?
protects the immature flower bud.
900
What are some mechanisms to prevent self-pollination?
timing of pollen release, location of anthers/stigma, self identification molecules
1000
How does paramecium maintain water balance?
It has a contractile vacuole that collects water and expels it.
1000
What do the bryophytes need for reproduction?
liquid water for gametes to swim
1000
What was the first group to develop seeds?
gymnosperms
1000
What is the function of a petal in a flower?
attract pollinators
1000
What does monoecious mean?
male and female parts in the same flower