El Presente/Pretérito Perfecto
How do you conjugate the present perfect tense?
1. Present tense of the verb "haber" (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han)
paired with the...
2. Past participle (add -ado to stem of -ar verbs; add -ido to stem of -er and -ir verbs)
How do you form the past perfect tense?
1. With the imperfect of "haber" (había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían)
paired with the...
2. past participle (-ado and -ido)
Si clauses are generally _____ statements. The si may be the ____ or second clause in a sentence. The comma is used only when the si clause comes ____.
Si clauses are generally hypothetical statements. The si may be the first or second clause in a sentence. The comma is used only when the si clause comes first.
How do you conjugate the conditional?
By adding:
-ía -íamos
-ías -íais
-ía -ían
to the infinitive
How do you conjugate the past subjunctive?
-By dropping the -ron ending from the ellos/ellas/ustedes form of the preterite and adding the past subjunctive endings of:
-ra -ramos
-ras -rais
-ra -ran
When do you use the present/pretérito perfect?
To express what has happened
Ex: Juan ha terminado la carrera de ingeniería
(Juan has graduated with an engineering degree)
To express what someone had done or what had occurred
(before another action or condition in the past)
Hypothetical statements about possible events:
1. The si clause is conjugated in the ________
and
2. the main clause may be conjugated in the _______ , the ______ structure, or be a ______.
Hypothetical statements about possible events:
1. The si clause is conjugated in the present indicative
and
2. the main clause may be conjugated in the present indicative, the ir + a + [infinitive] structure, or be a command.
When do we use the conditional?
1. To express the idea of what would happen
Ex: If you were on a desert island, what would you bring? (que traerías)
2. And to make polite requests (Would you please sign this check?)
When do we use past subjunctive?
Same context as present subjunctive (WEIRDO) except that instead of the main clause being in the present, it is in the past
Conjugate the verb correctly:
Juan y yo ______ (ver) una estrella fugaz.
Juan y yo hemos visto una estrella fugaz.
Conjugate the verb correctly.
Antes de 1976, Steve Jobs no ______ (inventar) su compañía "Apple".
Antes de 1976, Steve Jobs no había inventado su compañía "Apple".
Hypothetical statements about improbable situations:
The si clause is conjugated in the _____ and the main clause is conjugated in the _________.
Hypothetical statements about improbable situations:
The si clause is conjugated in the past subjunctive and the main clause is conjugated in the conditional.
Conjugate the following correctly.
Le pregunté al médico cuánto _____ (valer) los medicamentos para la tos que él me recetó la semana pasada.
Le pregunté al médico cuánto valdrían los medicamentos para la tos que él me recetó la semana pasada.
Conjugate the following correctly.
Nos prohibió que ____ (hablar) entre nosotros.
Nos prohibió que habláramos entre nosotros.
Translate this sentence in the present perfect:
The astronaut has returned from their trip.
El austronata ha vuelto de su viaje.
Translate this sentence in the past perfect:
María and Gisela had never seen such a bright shooting star.
María y Gisela nunca habían visto una estrella fugaz tan luminosa.
Conjugate the following Si clause:
Si salgo temprano del trabajo, _____ (ir) al cine con Andrés.
Si salgo temprano del trabajo, voy al cine con Andrés.
Translate the following into the conditional:
First I would deposit money in my savings account.
Primero depositaría dinero en mi cuenta de ahorros.
Translate the following into the past subjunctive:
I hoped that she would speak with her mom about her problems with her boyfriend.
Esperé/esperaba que ella hablara con su mamá sobre sus problemas con su novio.
Pick the correct verb and conjugate it in the present perfect:
Ellos _____ (formular/fabricar) la teoría.
Ellos han formulado la teoría.
Pick the correct verb and conjugate it in the past perfect:
Ella nunca _____ (descargar/guardar) el programa de computación en su computadora portátil.
Ella nunca había descargado el programa de computación en su computadora portátil.
Conjugate the si clause correctly:
Si no estuviera tan cansada, _____ a cenar contigo.
Si no estuviera tan cansada, saldría a cenar contigo.
Pick the correct verb and conjugate it in the conditional:
Él _____ (despedir/renunciar) su trabajo, pero él necesita el dinero a largo plazo.
Él renunciaría su trabajo, pero él necesita el dinero a largo plazo.
Pick the correct verb and conjugate it in the past subjunctive:
El jefe sugirió que ____ (ahorrar/gastar) tu dinero antes de jubilarse.