Thinking and Prob Solving
Going beyond the information given (in your mind)
what is thinking?
going from general to specific statements
What is deductive reasoning?
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
What is Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
The ability to understand words, sentences, and paragraphs
What is verbal comprehension?
The human brain continues to grow and develop rapidly in the first ____ years of life
What is 4-7 years?
The detailed, concurrent, and nonjudgmental observation of the contents of your consciousness
type of reasoning that results in conclusions that contain new information
What is inductive reasoning?
When a child has difficulty seeing another person's point of view/perspective; sometimes referred to as theory of mind.
What is egocentricism?
The ability to compute arithmetic operations
What is number facility?
The Towers of Hanoi problem are best solved this way.
What is working backward?
Coming up with immediate answers, then filtering out incorrect answers to generate correct answers
What is the generate and test technique?
The tendency to seek out information that supports our current beliefs
What is confirmation bias?
BONUS!! For 3 extra credit points...
Name two developmental stage theorists
15 seconds...!
Who are Piaget and Erikson?
The cognitive style of a person who likes to rely on others’ opinions, especially in ambiguous situations
What is field dependent?
Problem that has a clear goal, a small set of starting information, and fairly set rules about how to attain the goal
What is well-defined?
problem-solving technique that involves comparing the goal with the starting point, thinking of possible ways to overcome the distance between them, and choosing the best one
What is means-end analysis?
Collectively, the mental activities that take place in choosing among alternatives
What is decision making?
When a child is learning a task that challenges them, but they can complete it with support
What is the zone of proximal development?
A cognitive style that emphasizes slow and accurate responding
What is reflective?
Children go through stages of development; these stages are universal; one stage must be completed before moving to another stage
What is stage theory?
When you adopt a certain framework or strategy for solving a series of problems, you may fail to see other, more efficient ways of solving some of the problems
What is mental set?
Changing the description of a decision can cause us to change our reference points, leading to illogical preferences
What is framing?
Although a child correctly counts two rows of 5 coins initially, when an experimenter spreads out one row to take up more space than the other row, the child incorrectly assumes that there are more coins in the row which takes up more space.
This is an example of...
What is conservation?
Tendency to respond quickly and make many errors
What is impulsive cognitive style?
Someone who enjoys endeavors that involve thinking, problem solving, and reasoning has this
What is a need for cognition?