When we measure our variable we only name the category, not what order they fall into or how far apart they are. This qualitative measurement scale is
nominal
100
When making an average of squares (a mean square) we divide by this instead of by n
What are degrees of freedom
100
Something that can take on different values, scores or categories. It varies. It not a constant.
What is a variable
100
If we can make this bigger through a good research design, we can boost F obtained. What type of variance is this?
variance between groups
100
_____ statistics merely describe a set of scores, its center (mean) or its spread (standard deviation). These statistics do not let us make conclusions about anyone outside our study. (starts with a d)
What is descriptive
200
The name of this measurement scale starts with a Q. Such "scale" variables involve recording a number.
What is quantitative
200
The sensitivity of a test, the probability of detecting an effect when there is one
What is power
200
The variable that the researcher controls, the manipulated variable, the treatment variable, is also called what? (starts with an i)
What is independent
200
We can increase degrees of freedom, and thus boost our F ratio, by increasing this.
What is n or the number of subjects in our study
200
______ statistics let us draw conclusions about larger populations than those in our study. (starts with an i)
What is inferential
300
When we use this type of quantitative scale, not only is the distance between each consecutive score equal, but there is also a meaningful zero
What is ratio
300
When we compute variability within groups, SS within, MS within, variance within, we are computing the ______ term. (Starts with an e)
What is error
300
A ______ variable is a response; the thing we measure after manipulating something; the response that depends on which treatment was given. (starts with a d)
What is dependent
300
This is a type of mean squares that, as it gets smaller, F obtained gets bigger
What is mean squares within
300
This statistic is the balancing point, the middle or the average of the scores. Add up how far numbers fall below it, and how far scores fall above it, and you will always get zero. (starts with an m)
What is the mean
400
This measurement scale allows you to categorize, rank and put scores along a scale with equal intervals, but there is no meaningful zero
What is interval
400
The F that we compute from our sample data, and which we hope to make as big as possible
What is F obtained
400
This is a nuisance variable that someone could point to and explain away our finding, saying "Your effect was not caused by your independent variable. It was caused by this variable."
What is a confound
400
This is the average of the spread of scores. Take all distances from the mean, square them, then make them into an average to get this number. (Hint: scores got squared, so they are are NOT standard)
What is variance
500
Which two interval scales are called "scale" variables? Choose from nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio
What are interval and ratio
500
A cutoff F that we can look up. An F beyond which F ratios tend to fall p of the time.
F critical
500
A classification variable is one we cannot manipulate. When we treat classification variables as independent variables, the experiment is really a ___. (starts with a q)
What is a quasi-experiment
500
The probability of correctly rejecting the null, finding an effect when there is one
What is power
500
This number restores our measure of average variability to the same size as the original scores. It is the square root of the variance.