Sentence Structure
As a result, librarians must now be proficient curators of electronic information, compiling, catalog, and updating these collections.
A. No change
B. librarians cataloging
C. to catalog
D. cataloging
D
The "-ing" suffix means the verb's action is continuous/progressive. The librarians in this sentence, due to new technology, will always have new things to catalog. B is incorrect because the subject performing the action of cataloging hasn't changed since it was introduced earlier in the sentence.
The spaces are usually stocked with standard office equipment such as photocopiers, printers, and fax machines.
A. No change
B. equipment, such as:
C. equipment such as:
D. equipment, such as,
B
The comma after "equipment" transitions from the independent clause to the dependent clause. The colon after "such as" precedes a list of examples of standard office equipment.
"There are almost certainly genetic differences that separate the rotation-resistant rootworms from their 25 normal peers, but what are they?"
In this text selection, “separate” most nearly means
A) distinguish.
B) discharge.
C) extract.
D) scatter.
A
When you identify the differences between 2 things, you are distinguishing between them. The differences would show how one thing is "separate" from the other.
Scientists have long known that soot particles facilitate melting by darkening snow and ice, limiting it's ability to reflect the sun's rays.
A. No change
B. its
C. there
D. their
D
The underlined word should be a plural, third person pronoun for the antecedent, "Scientists."
What kinds of questions should you answer first in the Reading section?
A. Multiple-choice questions
B. Words in Context questions
C. Command of Evidence questions
D. Line reference questions
Reasoning: Why?
D
Because they can be answered without reading the whole text and save time because you know where to look in the text.
Some people buy organic food because they believe organically grown crops are more nutritious and safer for consumption than the people who purchase their conventionally grown counterparts, which are usually produced with pesticides and synthetic fertilizers.
A. NO CHANGE
B. the purchase of
C. purchasing
D. OMIT (delete the underlined portion)
D
Including the underlined portion would suggest that organic crops are safer that eating the people that buy non-organic crops, when the sentence is clearly trying to compare the health benefits of eating organic vs. eating non-organic crops. B & C are incorrect because they compare eating organic to buying non-organic.
Yogurt manufacturers, food scientists; and government officials are also working together to develop additional solutions for reusing whey.
A. No change
B. scientists: and
C. scientists, and
D. scientists, and,
C
Lists should not have colons or semicolons within the listed terms. D is incorrect because "and" is not a term that's being listed, it's word that signals the final term of the list.
Written at a time when slavery was legal in the United States by Henry David Thoreau, “Resistance to Civil Government”
The mass of men serve the state . . . not as men mainly, but as machines, with their bodies. They are the standing army, and the militia, jailers, constables, . . . etc. In most cases there is no free exercise whatever of the judgment or of the moral sense; but they put themselves on a level with wood and earth and stones. Such command no more respect than men of straw or a lump of dirt.
As used in final sentence in the paragraph above, “command” most nearly means
A) order.
B) dominate.
C) overlook.
D) deserve.
D
Choice D is the best answer. In the second paragraph, Thoreau discusses men who blindly serve the state or government without considering how just their actions might be. In the context of saying these types of men “command no more respect than men of straw or a lump of dirt” (lines 22-23), Thoreau uses the word “command” to mean “deserve.”
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because in the context of saying certain men don’t command respect, Thoreau means they haven’t earned it or don’t deserve it, not that they ordered, dominated, or overlooked that respect.
(HARD)
Nutritionists consider Greek yogurt to be a healthy food: it is an excellent source of calcium and protein, serves to be a digestive aid, and it contains few...
A. No change
B. as
C. like
D. for
B
Greek yogurt is not an actual digestive aid but its properties make it act like as like or as a digestive aid.
What kind of question makes up 50%-60% of the questions in the Reading section?
A. Reading comprehension questions
B. Easy questions
C. Line reference questions
D. Hard questions
C
All are reading questions. More or less even mix of easy/medium/hard difficulty.
Scientists have observed behaviors that suggest lemurs are skilled with ordered sequences, a high level cognitive traits known to be present in simian primates.
A. No change
B. sequences a
C. sequences, and a
D. sequences. A
A
The comma is used to transition from the independent clause that precedes it to the dependent clause that follows it.
But Jason Box, an associate professor of geology at Ohio State believes that another factor added to the early thaw; the "dark snow" problem.
A. No change
B. Box an associate professor of geology at Ohio State,
C. Box, an associate professor of geology at Ohio State,
D. Box, an associate professor of geology, at Ohio State
C
The commas offset information on the subject of the sentence (Jason Box) that isn't directly related to the subject's action (what he believes). D is incorrect because it implies that the belief belongs to Ohio State.
"Western governments and activists encouraged dissent and held out rewards for reform, such as membership in NATO or the EU or access to funds from international financial institutions."
In this text selection, “held out” most nearly means
A) resisted.
B) awaited.
C) avoided.
D) offered.
D
Choice D is the best answer. Lines 30-31 explain that one way democracy was supported around the world was that “Western governments and activists encouraged dissent and held out rewards for reform.” In this context, the rewards being “held out” (line 31) means the rewards being offered.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the rewards being “held out” by Western governments and activists refer to the rewards being offered, not that those rewards were being resisted, awaited, or avoided.
Brice Russ of Ohio State University, for example, has employed software to sort through postings on one social media cite in search of particular words and phrases of interest as well as the...
A. No change
B. site in search of
C. sight in search for
D. cite in search for
B
Internet domains are known as webSITEs. Cite is short for citation. Sight means the ability to see.
A semicolon ( ; ) joins two _______ clauses.
A. independent
B. dependent
C. compound
D. complex
A
B would need a comma. C and D are types of sentences with different clause combinations.
At the era of legal racial segregation, the Apollo Theater was one of the few settings in which hopeful African American performers could show off their talent.
A. No change
B. During the era
C. Before the era
D. At the age
B
The situation described took place throughout an entire historical era that last many years, not "before" or during ("at") one, single moment in time. Age and era have the same meaning, so it doesn't impact the choice.
A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, suggests that, kelp is essential to the health of all marine life.
A. No change
B. suggests-that
C. suggests, "that
D. suggests that
No punctuation needed here because the entire sentence is one independent clause and nothing is being offset.
"How does one determine whether a law is just or unjust?"
In this text selection, “determine” most nearly means
A) establish.
B) regulate.
C) direct.
D) limit.
A
Choice A is the best answer. Lines 57-58 ask the question “How does one determine whether a law is just or unjust?” In this context, to “determine” whether a law is just means to establish whether a law is just.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because in the context of trying to determine whether a law is just or unjust, the word “determine” means to establish what the law is, not regulate, direct, or limit it.
One goal of Lewis and Clark's journey which extended from St. Louis, Missouri, all the way to the Pacific Ocean, were forging relationships with the American Indian tribes who lived in those areas.
A. No change
B. was
C. are
D. is
B
All of the options are words that depend on the subject of the sentence. This sentence's subject is "goal" (not "Lewis and Clark" or their "journey"). Because there's only "one goal," the correct word would be "was" instead of the plural "were." Because the sentence is in past tense, C & D are incorrect.
Colons are often follow by a ________________ or illustration of what's on the left them.
A. metaphor
B. pantomime
C. similie
D. definition
D
A and C are figurative language devices that don't require specific punctuation. B is a physical/oral performance, not a something that can be just written.
Videoconferencing is a technology allowing for people in different locations to hold face-to-face meetings.
A. No change
B. while allowing
C. that allows
D. allowed by
C
"Allow" has two meanings. 1. to grant permission. 2. to enable a possibility. A and D suggest the technology or the people is granting permission for videoconferencing tech to connect people face-to-face. C uses the correct, second meaning.
To better understand business executive's attitudes about using videoconferencing technology, Forbes magazine conducted a survey in 2009.
A. No change
B. executives' attitudes
C. executives attitude's
D. executives attitudes'
B
There were multiple business executives surveyed by Forbes magazine, so "executive" must be plural. The attitudes mentioned belong to these executives. So, the possessive contraction should follow its subject, not the object that the subject possesses.
Species today are vanishing in such great numbers — many from hunting and habitat destruction — that the trend has been called a sixth mass extinction, an event on par with such die-offs as the one that befell the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
In this text selection, “great” most nearly means
A) lofty.
B) wonderful.
C) large.
D) intense.
C
Choice C is the best answer. Lines 37-40 state that “species today are vanishing at such great numbers” that the loss of these species is considered a “sixth mass extinction.” In this context, there is a “great,” or large, number of species at risk of extinction.
Choice A, B, and D are incorrect because in this context, “great,” does not mean lofty, wonderful, or intense.
Lemurs, it seems, appear to have quantitative abilities similar to those of apes and monkeys, even though they diverged from their ancestors so long ago.
A. No change
B. there
C. they're
D. they are
"Their" is a possessive pronoun to the antecedent, "lemurs," showing that the "ancestors" mentioned belong to them. "There" is a pronoun for a place different from the speaker's current location. C and D are incorrect and mean the same thing.
When you have 30 seconds left in your current section and multiple unanswered questions, you should bubble in _______________ for all remaining questions.
A. A-B-C-D in repeating order.
B. the same letter (doesn't matter which)
C. none (unanswered questions don't count toward your score)
D. snake order, A-B-C-D-C-B-A-B....and so on.
Reasoning: Why?
B
C is incorrect because unanswered questions lower your overall score, wrong answers do not. A and D are incorrect because you are more likely to score higher with the same letter than randomly or systematically selecting different ones.