Argumentative Text
An article explains recycling with facts and expert quotes. What is the author's purpose?
To Inform
The protagonist argues with her best friend after hiding the truth.
👉 What type of conflict is this?
External conflict
A text explains how pollution leads to climate change and then describes its environmental impact.
👉 What structure is primarily used?
Cause and effect
“The stars danced across the sky.”
👉 Identify the figurative language and explain its effect.
Personification; it creates vivid imagery and makes the scene feel lively.
How does figurative language impact a reader’s understanding of a scene?
It creates imagery and emotional depth.
An author argues for uniforms and includes survey data. What supports the claim?
The survey data
A character practices daily despite repeated failure.
👉 What trait is most strongly revealed?
Determination (or perseverance)
An author describes two athletes’ training styles, highlighting similarities and differences.
👉 What structure is used?
Compare and contrast
“She carried the weight of the world on her shoulders.”
👉 What does this suggest about the character?
She feels overwhelmed or burdened by responsibility.
Why might an author choose chronological structure instead of flashback?
To clearly show events in order and build understanding step-by-step.
The author admits uniforms limit expression but argues safety matters more. This is called:
A counterargument
Protagonist vs. another character is:
External conflict
Which revision best improves logical flow?
Original paragraph:
“School gardens are becoming popular. Students learn responsibility. Vegetables can be used in the cafeteria.”
A. Add dialogue from students.
B. Rearrange ideas to show how gardens benefit students and the school.
C. Remove the sentence about vegetables.
D. Add a definition of gardens.
B
“The hallway was a battlefield after the final bell rang.”
👉 Identify the figurative language and explain what it reveals about the setting.
Metaphor; it shows the hallway was chaotic and intense.
How does tone influence the author’s purpose?
Tone shapes how readers feel and supports whether the author wants to inform, persuade, or entertain.
Strongest evidence about teen sleep?
A. Teens are tired.
B. A study shows 70% get less than 7 hours.
C. Sleep matters.
D. School is early.
B
Marcus starts selfish and ends selfless.
👉 This shows:
Internal change / character growth
Which transition best clarifies a problem/solution structure?
A. In contrast
B. For example
C. As a result
D. To address this issue
D
Why would an author choose a metaphor instead of directly stating a feeling?
A metaphor creates stronger imagery and emotional impact, helping readers connect more deeply.
Explain how word choice (diction) can strengthen an author’s argument.
Precise or emotionally charged words can make the claim more convincing and impactful.
An author uses emotional language to promote pet adoption.
👉 Purpose?
To persuade
Throughout the story, Maya blames her teammate for their losses. In the final scene, readers learn Maya secretly skipped practices all season.
👉 How does this plot twist change the reader’s understanding of Maya and the theme?
It reveals Maya’s dishonesty and lack of accountability, shifting the theme toward personal responsibility and self-awareness.
A passage begins with statistics about teen stress, then shifts to strategies schools can use to reduce it.
👉 How does this organizational choice strengthen the author’s message?
It presents a problem first, then offers solutions to support the author’s claim.
Explain how figurative language can help develop tone in a passage.
It shapes the mood and influences how readers feel about the scene or subject.
How do structure and figurative language work together to strengthen a text’s message?
Structure organizes ideas clearly while figurative language deepens meaning and emotional impact.