What is Public Policy?
According to Peters, we can distinguish ___ levels of public policy.
What is three (levels)?
This first attempt at policymaking theory conceived as the process as a linear motion, beginning with problem identification and ending with evaluation.
What is the stages model/heuristic/theory?
In American policymaking, it is thought that policy subsystems have between __ and __ advocacy coalitions.
What is 2 & 4?
Similar to iron triangles, this group seeks to keep policy as the status quo & avoids policy change.
What is a policy monopoly?
A natural disaster and a national election represent examples of this component to the MSF.
What is the window of opportunity?
This scholar, the author of a prominent textbook, defines public policy as the sum of government activities, whether pursued directly or through agents, as those activities have an influence on the lives of citizens.
Who is B. Guy Peters?
When a particular societal problem has been deemed amenable to public action and worthy of policymakers' attention, it is said to have been placed on this.
What is the agenda?
Inspired by Hugh Heclo, the ACF likewise argues that this theory of policymaking disregards the wide body of actors attempting to influence policy.
What is The Iron Triangle?
Policy monopolies seek to create a positive version of this term, while outsiders hope to paint it more negatively.
What is a policy image?
Opposing linear views of policymaking, the MSF believes that the policy process involves _____ searching for _____.
What are solutions and problems?
This policy level represents the effects that policy choices and outputs have on citizens.
What is (policy) impacts?
Early debates in the policy studies field included an argument for whether _____ causes _____ or vice versa.
What are politics & policy?
The ACF asserts that policymaking is the translation of this term into policy
What are beliefs?
A term coined by Lindblom, PET believes cognitively operated through this term, which explains why policymaking typically happens at an incremental pace.
What is bounded rationality?
This realm is where solutions to problems attempt to stay alive, often evolving over time.
What is the policy stream?
This mid-20th century scholar is credited widely with starting the policy studies field, though he initially termed the field "policy sciences"
Who is Harold Lasswell?
In Lowi's Policy Typology matrix, this policy type is widely considered the least developed of the four outlined.
What is constituent policy?
Believing we should have a planned economy as opposed to a market-based economy is an example of this belief level.
What is the Deep Core Belief level?
A strategic move by outsiders that involves attempts to make connections with actors at different levels and in different branches of government.
What is venue shopping?
According to Cairney, this theory served as a source of inspiration for Kingdon as he built the MSF.
What is the Garbage Can Model?
This instrument is often confounded with policy, but is actually something distinct.
What is law?
One major flaw with Lasswell's conception of policy sciences is that these two important concepts don't always align.
What is democracy and science?
This understudied concept happens within coalitions as a result of policy implementation.
What is policy learning?
PET draws on this scholar who argued political debates revolve around expanding or constricting the scope of conflict.
Who is EE Schattschneider?
The MSF was formally presented in 1984 in the book by this title.