Genetics Patterns
What inheritance pattern produces offspring showing both parental phenotypes when both alleles are expressed equally (example: red and white spotted flowers)?
Co-dominance
Fill in the central dogma: DNA → ___ → ___ (name the two processes or molecules).
RNA --> Proteins
What are the three main stages (broad phases) of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
How many chromosomes does a haploid human cell have?
23
Name one type of genetic drift
Founder or Bottleneck Effect
Blood type AB (IAIB) is an example of which inheritance pattern?
Co-dominance
What is the sugar found only in RNA and what nitrogen base is unique to RNA?
Ribose and Uracil
Name the four stages of mitosis in order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
How are meiosis and mitosis different? Give one main difference in purpose or outcome.
Mitosis= 2 cells, same
Meiosis = 4 cells different
List three forms of evidence used to support evolution (three short items).
Embryology, DNA Analysis, Fossils
What is incomplete dominance? Give a brief example (one sentence).
Answer will vary... mixing
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? List them.
Phosphate, nitrogen base, 5 Carbon sugar
During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
Synthesis
When is meiosis does crossing over take place.
Prophase
Explain how fossil evidence supports evolution in one sentence.
Compare past two present how things change
Define heterozygous and homozygous. Then give an example genotype for each using the allele letter T.
Homozygous = TT or tt Heterozygous = Tt
Turning DNA into RNA is called what?
Transcription
Describe DNA replication in one or two sentences: include which base pairs pair together.
Making more DNA A-T G-C
After meiosis, are the daughter cells genetically identical or different?
Different
What is one way comparative anatomy provides evidence for common ancestry? Give a brief example (e.g., homologous structures).
organisms have similar make up but perform different functions
How is co-dominance different from incomplete dominance? Provide a short distinguishing statement.
answer will vary .... mix vs both
What are genes, and what do they code for? Provide a concise definition.
Specific segments of DNA, they code for traits.
What stage of mitosis is indicated when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles? Name the stage and one key event.
A parent cell has the DNA sequence A T G C G A T A. After DNA replication, what would the newly synthesized complementary strand be? Write the full sequence.
TACGCTAT
Describe, in one or two sentences, how molecular (DNA/protein) evidence can be used to show relatedness between species.
More dna in common more closely related