How do you feel about that?
Theory that emotions result from awareness of bodily arousal.
James-Lange theory
The brain’s sensory relay station that sends emotional input to higher areas
thalamus
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
motivation
Short-term stress that can motivate behavior
acute stress
Theory that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously
Cannon-Bard theory
The emotional “low road” sends information straight from the thalamus to this area, producing quick fear reactions
Amygdala
Theory stating that behavior aims to reduce internal drives like hunger or thirst
drive-reduction theory
Long-term stress that can harm physical and mental health
chronic stress
Theory that emotion depends on both arousal and a cognitive label
Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
The high-road emotional pathway involves cortical appraisal before feeling. This supports which theory of emotion?
Zajonc, LeDoux, and Lazarus’s theories
Principle describing how moderate arousal produces optimal performance
Yerkes-Dodson law
The body’s hormonal stress system connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands.
the HPA axis
During a haunted-house visit, your heart races; once you realize it’s “fake,” you label the feeling as excitement instead of fear. Which theory explains this shift?
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
You are stuck in frustrating traffic on your way home, when you get home you very quickly start a fight with your siblings. This is demonstrating:
Spillover effect
You practice guitar for fun, not rewards or praise. This motivation type is:
intrinsic motivation?
A person under exam stress releases this “stress hormone” that mobilizes energy
cortisol
You smile while holding a newborn and genuinely begin to feel happier. This demonstrates
facial-feedback effect
Explain the Schachter and Singer epinephrine experiment
Participants were injected with epinephrine, which causes physiological arousal. Some were told the true effects, others were misinformed or told nothing. When placed with a person who acted either happy or angry, those who didn’t know why they felt aroused “caught” the confederate’s emotion. This showed that emotion depends on both physiological arousal and the cognitive label we assign to it
Brain imaging studies show that feeling socially rejected or heartbroken activates the same brain area involved in physical pain. What is this region?
anterior cingulate cortex
After repeated failures, an individual stops trying to escape a negative situation. This describes:
learned helplessness