Real World Scenarios
Oftentimes "Scared Straight" interventions tend to increase, not decrease criminal behavior. Similarly, group therapy for aggressive teenagers often backfire as they introduce them to potential bad influences. Why is this the case? What can be done to stop this from happening? (Not in question format)
Prolonged discussions of a stressful experience shortly after the event are more likely to cause than prevent post-traumatic stress disorder. Prevention programs need to be tested.
Creating an anti-vaping campaign vs identifying someone who has early onset substance abuse and helping them through it are examples of...
What is prevention vs what is intervention?
Explain the image shown on the screen. (Image 1)
More hours spent studying positively correlates with a high grade. More hours spent studying negatively correlates with low grade.
In 1976, a California court ruled that a therapist who has reason to believe that a client is dangerous to someone must warn the endangered person or take other steps to prevent harm. What issues may arise from this ruling?
What is the Tarasoff case?
Mario believes vaping is unhealthy. When Mario is with his friends, they peer pressure him into vaping. As a result, he enters an unpleasant state.
What are ways he can get out of this unpleasant state?
What is cognitive dissonance?
Children with blue eyes aren't as smart as people with brown eyes vs Tim doesn't like people with blue eyes vs Tim doesn't allow kids with blue eyes to play basketball with him.
What are stereotypes vs what is prejudice vs what is discrimination?
Explain the image shown on the screen. (Image 2)
Authoritative = Responsive, sets clear standards, has high expectations, flexible, and assertive.
Permissive = Low expectations, lenient, avoid confrontation, and has few rules. ("Friend")
Authoritarian = High expectations, little warmth, punishment, emotionally distant. structured environments.
Neglectful/uninvolved = Absent, uninterested, neglectful, competing priorities, passive.
Created by Jean Piaget, these stages measure the cognitive development of children. Made up of 4 stages: Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations.
What are Jean Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development?
Marie has a difficult time confiding her trust in other people. She hardly opens up about her personal life to her girlfriend, but can't seem to pinpoint why she behaves this way. Her therapist asks her to say everything that comes to mind and talk about her dreams. What kind of therapy is this? Why might these techniques be helpful for her?
What is psychoanalysis?
Carol is a scientist that believes that everything that happens has an observable/measurable cause. Sam is also a scientist that believes behavior is caused by a person's independent actions.
What is determinism vs what is free will?
Explain the image shown on the screen. (Image 3)
Gestalt principles = We are born with a number of built-in tendencies to organize incoming sensory information in certain ways.
Similarity = Tend to group items based on how similar they are to one another
Proximity = Tendency to think that things near each other are related to one another
Sarah is experiencing a mood disorder in which she loses interest, motivation, and pleasure of the things she usually enjoys.
What is major depression?
Jared has aggressive, unacceptable tendencies. He decides to join a group dedicated to preventing violence. What kind of defense mechanism is happening?
What is the purpose of this?
What is reaction formation?
Michael tries to name all 50 states without using a map in the 2nd grade vs Michael tries to name all 50 states years in the 10th grade.
What is free recall vs what is savings?
Explain the concepts on the screen (Image 4)
Actor observer = You are an “actor” when you try to explain the causes of your own behavior and an “observer” when you try to explain someone else’s behavior.
Alice believes her puppy is the reincarnated spirit of an ancient queen. Who does the burden of proof fall on?
(Not an question response)
Burden of proof falls on her (the person that believes this statement is true). Why? Because a vast majority of evidence suggests that her puppy is not the reincarnated spirit of an ancient queen.
Kylie tends to experience very negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. What category of the Big Five Personality test might she score high on?
What is neuroticism?
Scarlet's therapist listens to her without judgement vs Joe's therapist believes that all of his problems arise from his family setting.
Explain the image shown on the screen. (Image 5)
In this survey, just over one-fourth of U.S. adults suffer a psychological disorder in any given year, and nearly half do at some time in life. (Based on data of Kessler, Berglund, et al., 2005; Kessler, Chiu, et al., 2005)
Karen plays 5 mins of Candy Crush for every hour that she spends studying. As a result, she ends up spending a lot of time studying and receives a good grade on her math test.
What is positive reinforcement?
Ben has a habit of wetting his bed. Subsequently, his parents seek out professional help in order to eliminate this behavior. They attach a small battery-powered device to his underwear at night. If Ben urinates, the device is able to detect the moisture and sends out a vibration that wakes him up. Which two concepts are being connected in this scenario (Hint: Think back to the chapter on Learning & Abnormal Psychology)?
What is classical conditioning and behavior therapy?