Early
Psychological
Theories
Psychological
Theories
School of psychology which analyzes consciousness into its basic elements then investigates how they are related
Structuralism
Careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience
Introspection
Examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations
Evolutionary psychology
Concerned with the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders
Clinical psychology
Premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
Empiricism
School of psychology which investigates the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure
Functionalism
Thoughts, memories, and desires kept well below the surface of conscious awareness
Unconscious
Studies how people learn and the best ways to teach them
Educational Psychology
Similar to clinical psychology but see clients struggling with everyday problems, such as family, marital, or career therapy
Counseling psychology
System of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
Theory
A theory developed by Freud to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders with focus on the unconscious
Psychoanalytic Theory
An overt (observable) response or activity by an organism
Behavior
Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
Positive Psychology
World of business, human resources, job satisfaction and productivity, organizational structures, and improvements
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Widely shared, customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community transmitted across generations
A theory that scientific psychology should only study observable behavior and not consciousness
Behaviorism
Mental process involved in acquiring knowledge
Cognition
Looks at human development across the lifespan
Developmental Psychology
Promote cognitive, emotional, and social development of children in schools
A periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material
Journal
A theory to emphasize human qualities of freedom and potential for human growth
Humanism
The science of studying behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior.
Psychology
Focuses on "higher" mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, information processing, language, problem-solving, decision-making
Cognitive Psychology
Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
Psychiatry
A research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under controlled conditions and observes changes
Experiment