Foundations of Psychology
What are the two disciplines that influenced psychology’s development?
Philosophy and Physiology (Biology)
What are the three goals of the research enterprise?
Measurement & Description, Understanding & Prediction, Application & Control
What are the two main parts of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering?
Pupil
Who developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
Who is considered the founder of psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
What is a hypothesis in psychological research?
A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
What are the four lobes of the brain?
What are the two types of cells in the retina?
What psychologist proposed the Hierarchy of Needs?
Abraham Maslow
What was the main focus of Functionalism?
To investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure.
In an experiment, what is the independent variable (IV)?
The variable that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable. (CAUSE)
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain’s ability to change and reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation is detecting stimuli; perception is interpreting them.
Who was the first woman to serve as the president of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
Mary Calkins
What school of thought emphasized studying only observable behavior?
Behaviorism
What type of research method would a psychologist use to study one person in-depth?
Case Study
What is the function of the limbic system
Emotion & memory
What is inattentional blindness?
Failing to notice an object or event because attention is focused elsewhere.
Who played a major role in debunking theories that claimed women were inferior to men and also studied gifted children?
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
What movement in psychology emphasizes human freedom and potential for growth?
Humanism
What is the purpose of random assignment in an experiment?
To ensure participants have an equal chance of being in any group, reducing bias.
What is the All-or-None Law in neural impulses?
A neuron either fires completely or not at all; there is no partial firing.
What are binocular depth cues?
Depth cues requiring both eyes
Who wrote The Animal Mind and was the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology?
Margaret Floy Washburn