Foundations for Psychology
Psychology is the science of behavior and the mind. Behavior refers to:
A: The observable actions of a person or an animal
B: An individual's sensations, perceptions, memories, thoughts, dreams, motives, emotional feelings, and other subjective experiences
C: The parts of the brain that serve specific functions in the production of mental experience
D: Adolescent brain function
A: The observable actions of a person or an animal
If one is studying a sample that is not representative of the population one intends to study, one has a _____ sample.
A: Non-significant
B: Biased
C: Partial
D: Blind
B: Biased
All of these are examples of implicit memory EXCEPT:
A: Memories produced by classical conditioning
B: Memories that are the basis for priming
C: Knowledge of current events
D: Motor skills
C: Knowledge of current events
What is the difference between a mood and an emotional feeling?
A: They are different words for the same experience
B: An emotional feeling usually lasts longer than a mood
C: A mood is when the emotional feeling goes away for a time
D: A mood is an emotional feeling that has lasted for a long period
D: A mood is an emotional feeling that has lasted for a long period
Which part of the ear is designed to receive sound waves and funnel them inward to other parts of the ear so that the sound stimulus can lead to the experience of hearing?
A: Outer ear
B: Basilar membrane
C: Cochlea
D: Auditory nerve
A: Outer Ear
The idea that an inanimate object cannot learn because it does not possess any innate knowledge demonstrates which theory?
A: Nativism
B: Empiricism
C: Materialism
D: Behaviorism
A: Nativism
A correlation coefficient expresses the _____ of a statistical relationship between two variables.
A: Strength and Significance
B: Significance and Direction
C: Direction and Likelihood
D: Strength and Direction
D: Strength and Direction
Which example below would NOT interfere with one's ability to keep information in one's working memory store?
A: Trying to remember what he had for breakfast that day
B: Repeating the word "and" out loud
C: Reciting the multiplication tables out loud
D: Repeating what he is trying to remember out loud
D: Repeating what he is trying to remember out loud
The learning component of reward is closely related to the _____ component.
A: Liking
B: Wanting
C: Satisfaction
D: Conditioning
B: Wanting
Before the 1920s, scientists believed that the basilar membrane acted like harp strings. Georg von Bekesy was the first to discover that the membrane actually behaves more like:
A: A bed sheet when someone shakes it at one end
B: A group of people waiting in a line
C: Waves on the ocean as the wind intensifies
D: A row of dominos falling in sequence
A: A bed sheet when someone shakes it at one end
According to the book, "level of analysis" refers to:
A: The number of mental constructs at a given moment in time
B: The type of casual process that is referred to in explaining some phenomenon
C: The process by which a psychologist observes a given behavior
D: The rate at which a PET scan analyses brain waves
B: The type of casual process that is referred to in explaining some phenomenon
Results are labeled as significant if:
A: p<.05
B: p>.05
C: p>.5
D:p<.5
A: p<.05
When meeting a person diagnosed with temporal lobe amnesia, one would expect the person to show
A: No evidence of change
B: An inability to acquire new, classically conditioned responses
C: Normal implicit memory capabilities
D: Inability to use procedural memory
C: Normal implicit memory capabilities
If Denise is waiting in line for a hot dog and she feels hungry, then her feeling of hunger is a(n) _____, and the hot dog is a(n) _____.
A: Emotional constructs; hunger drive
B: Motivational state; incentive
C: State of mind; satisfier
D: incentive; motivational state
B: Motivational state; incentive
The fact that humans can distinguish a more intense sound from a less intense one indicates that humans are able to:
A: Code quantitative information about stimuli
B: Code qualitative information about stimuli
C: Adapt to a range of sensory stimuli
D: Use different receptors that are responsive to different frequencies
A: Code quantitative information about stimuli
A psychologist attempts to understand the conditions in which people are more likely to go along with a decision of the group even when they know the group is wrong. Understanding the influence that other people have on an individual's behavior is most consistent with a _____ level of analysis.
A: Cultural
B: Cognitive
C: Social
D: Learning
C: Social
Which statement about descriptive statistics is FALSE?
A: They are used to calculate inferential statistics
B: They summarize sets of data
C: They determine the mean, median, and standard deviation
D: They determine whether results are due to chance
D: They determine whether results are due to chance
In Kahneman's dual-processing theory, what he means when he talks about "slow thinking"?
A: It refers to the thinking humans have when they are talking slowly.
B: It refers to the thinking the humans have when they are sleeping.
C: It refers to the thinking the humans have when consciously decide which aspects of the problem to attend to.
D: It refers to the thinking the humans with disabilities can produce.
C: It refers to the thinking the humans have when consciously decide which aspects of the problem to attend to.
Research suggests that people who want to maintain a lower body weight should:
A: Exercise to build muscle because muscle burns calories at a higher rate than other body tissues do
B: Eat each meal quickly to avoid eating such large portions
C: Eat a limited variety of low-carbohydrate, high-fat foods
D: Try to lose the bulk of excess weight as rapidly as possible
A: Exercise to build muscle because muscle burns calories at a higher rate than other body tissues do
Research findings concerning the physiology of smell indicate that most of the output from the glomeruli goes to:
A: The orbitofrontal cortex, which is critical for motivating individuals to seek out smell stimuli
B: The orbitofrontal cortex, an area crucial to basic drives and emotions
C: The limbic system and hypothalamus, areas that are critical for making fine distinctions among odors
D: The limbic system and hypothalamus, areas involved in basic drives and emotions
D: The limbic system and hypothalamus, areas involved in basic drives and emotions
A psychologist is researching effective learning strategies for acquiring a second language. This type of research is:
A: Cognitive
B: Social
C: Developmental
D: Neurological
A: Cognitive
In Pfungst's experiments with Clever Hans, the independent variable was the:
A: Varying procedures by which the horse's sensory systems were blocked
B: People who believed that the horse could understand and answer questions correctly
C: Percentage of questions that the horse answered correctly in a given test
D: Answers to the particular questions Clever Hans was asked
A: Varying procedures by which the horse's sensory systems were blocked
The span of short-term memory is greater for single-syllable words than for multiple-syllable words. This finding _____ the hypothesis that sub-vocal repetition maintains items in the _____ of working memory.
A: Supports; phonological loop
B: Contradicts; phonological loop
C: Supports; echoic store
D: Contradicts; echoic store
A: Supports; phonological loop
A BMI of ____ is considered overweight and one of _____ is considered obese.
A: 25; 30
B: 30; 35
C: 20;25
D: 20;35
A: 25; 30
Sensory areas in the cerebral cortex:
A: Are responsible for the transduction of stimulus energy
B: Receive signals sent along sense-specific pathways in the central nervous system
C: Receive receptor potentials from specialized sensory neurons
D: Are specialized for either quantitative or qualitative coding of stimulus information
B: Receive signals sent along sense-specific pathways in the central nervous system