Introduction
Which of the following is an example of behavior?
(a) thinking of a family vacation
(b) a student’s memory of a road trip
(c) two people holding hands on the way to class
(d) a baby’s feelings when their mother leaves the room
(c) two people holding hands on the way to class
The ______ approach emphasizes the study of the body, especially the brain and the nervous system.
(a) biological
(b) behavioral
(c) evolutionary
(d) psychodynamic
(a) biological
According to the principle of ________, researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on individuals completely confidential and, when possible, completely anonymous.
(a) deception
(b) informed consent
(c) confidentiality
(d) freedom from harm
(c) confidentiality
Which of the following theorists primarily used the structuralism approach to studying human behavior?
(a) William James
(b) Wilhelm Wundt
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Sigmund Freud
(b) Wilhelm Wundt
Dr. Badal, a psychologist, is studying achievement motivation among groups of African American, Latino, and Asian American people. In this scenario, Dr. Badal is most likely practicing the ________ approach to psychology.
(a) sociocultural
(b) biological
(c) evolutionary
(d) cognitive
(a) sociocultural
The subset of a population chosen by an investigator for study is a
(a) sample.
(b) case.
(c) confederate.
(d) placebo.
(a) sample.
Which argument did not contribute to psychology’s philosophical roots?
(a) All people benefit from a lifetime of learning.
(b) Certain kinds of knowledge are innate and inborn.
(c) Knowledge is acquired through experience.
(d) The mind is what the body does.
(a) All people benefit from a lifetime of learning.
Annette is an adolescent with extreme social anxiety. Dr. Benson's treatment plan for Annette focuses on rewarding her whenever she takes a step toward conquering her fears. In this scenario, Dr. Benson adheres most closely to the ________ approach to psychology.
(a) cognitive
(b) behavioral
(c) psychodynamic
(d) sociocultural
(b) behavioral
________ refers to the degree to which an experimental design really reflects the real-world issues it is supposed to address.
(a) Internal validity
(b) External validity
(c) Face validity
(d) Reliability
(b) External validity
What is one of the four core attitudes of the scientific approach?
Critical thinking
Curiosity
Skepticism
Objectivity
In his practice, Dr. Wagner stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved childhood conflicts that influence an individual's behavior. Dr. Wagner's belief aligns with the ________ approach to psychology.
(a) behavioral
(b) cognitive
(c) psychodynamic
(d) evolutionary
(c) psychodynamic
Aaron wants to study the association between sleep deprivation and the number of hours spent on a computer every day. He is not keen to establish causation, but would like to determine whether and how the increase or decrease in one variable is related to the increase or decrease in the other variable. Which of the following research methods is likely to be most effective for Aaron's study?
(a) survey
(b) correlational research
(c) experimental research
(d) case study
(b) correlational research
What is the definition of psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Abe and Carl are psychologists who believe that people have free will and can make choices based on higher human values. Abe and Carl's views reflect the ________ approach to psychology.
(a) sociocultural
(b) behavioral
(c) humanistic
(d) psychodynamic
(c) humanistic
Joshua is interested in how elementary aged children understand fractions. He gets permission to attend a family game night at two elementary schools to recruit participants. His research team talks to 300 families and successfully recruits 200 children for his study. Joshua’s population of interest is _____, while his sample is ______.
(a) elementary aged children; the 200 children in his study
(b) elementary aged children; children attending the two elementary schools
(c) children attending the two elementary schools; the 200 children in his study
(d) children attending the two elementary schools; the 300 families his research team talked to
(a) elementary aged children; the 200 children in his study