Famous Experiments
_______________________ discovered _________________ through his research with dogs.
Pavlov, Classical Conditioning
The _________________ is responsible for breathing and other survival mechanisms.
What is the Hindbrain
In Pavlov's experiments, the tone started as a neural stimulus, and then became a(n)____________ stimulus
conditioned
According to Atkinson and Shiffrin's modal model of memory, information processes through ______________.
Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
Giving a child a spanking for misbehaving is an example of _______________.
positive punishment- the administration of an aversive stimulus
Researcher who trained a boy to fear a white rat
Watson
The temporal lobe is responsible for _____________________.
Auditory reception, categorization of objects
The unconditioned stimulus is ____________________________.
Something that naturally triggers a response
While listening to a new song on the radio, you remember that the artist is about to go on tour. You then think about where you learned this information. This is an example of:
Source monitoring
Negative reinforcement is _________________.
The removal of an aversive stimulus
Trained a pigeon to walk in a circle.
Skinner
The ____________ sends sensory information to other areas of the brain for additional processing
Thalamus
The Unconditioned Response is ________________
Something that naturally occurs when presented with the unconditioned stimulus
Remembering the time that your grandparents took you out for ice cream is a(n) ________________ memory.
Episodic
Positive reinforcement is _______________________.
The addition of a desirable stimulus to increase behavior occurrence.
How were the "what" and "where" pathways discovered?
Brain ablation studies with monkeys, which showed that the path from the occipital lobe to the temporal lobe and the path from the occipital lobe to the parietal lobe are responsible for identifying an object and its location.
Dianna is looking at a photo her friend texted her. During this task, the part of Dianna’s brain that processes her ability to see the information in the photo is most active. This part of her brain is in the __________ lobe
Occipital
What occurs during the conditioning process?
Repeated pairing of the US & NS, resulting in a learned response (CR)
When James attempts to fill out his change of address form with his new address he immediately recalls his old home address but cannot remember his new address. This is an example of ________________________.
Proactive Interference
Giovanni and Rachel are hired to rake leaves. Giovanni is paid $3 for each bag of leaves he rakes. Rachel is paid $7 for each hour she works. Giovanni is paid according to a ____________ schedule of reinforcement. Rachel is paid according to a _________________ schedule.
fixed ratio; fixed interval
What did Phineas Gage teach us about the brain?
Different areas of the brain have different functions.
How do neurons communicate with each other?
Through a series of action potentials.
Whenever Monet first sees her boyfriend, her heart beats fast. And whenever her boyfriend comes to her dorm room and the door is closed, he knocks five times before entering the room. After a while, Monet’s heart jumps with excitement whenever she hears five knocks. The knocking is a(n) _____________ for Monet.
Conditioned stimulus
A lack of attention during encoding results in poor memory
What is the distinction between primary and conditioned reinforcers?
Primary- unlearned & innate, which often satisfy a biological need. Conditioned reinforcers gain their reinforcement power through their link with primary reinforcers (e.g., can use money to buy food).