Lifelong Learning
Mind Matters
Maybe You Should Talk to Someone
I'm Feeling Hangry
Do You Remember?
FINAL JEOPARDY!
100
This type of learning occurs when an individual acquires new behaviors or information by observing and imitating others, without direct reinforcement or personal experience. What is the term for this learning process?
What is observational learning.
This type of learning was observed by Albert Bandura and the Bobo Doll experiments.
100
This deliberate, self-inflicted act of harm, where individuals intentionally engage in behaviors such as cutting or burning themselves without the intent to end their lives, is known by what term?
What is non-suicidal self injury.
100
This therapeutic approach, rooted in the principles of learning and behaviorism, aims to modify maladaptive behaviors by applying techniques such as reinforcement, punishment, and modeling. What is the name of this type of therapy?
What is behavioral therapy.
100
This hormone, often referred to as the "hunger hormone," is produced by the stomach and plays a key role in stimulating appetite. What is the name of this hormone?
What is ghrelin.
Remember: Ghrelin is a hormone secreted by the empty stomach; sends “I’m hungry” signals to the brain
100
This type of memory is characterized by its ability to store seemingly unlimited information for an extended period, allowing for the retrieval of past experiences, knowledge, and skills. What is the term for the storage system that retains information over the long term?
What is long-term memory.
Remember: This is the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
100
What structure is represented by #4 on the diagram above?
Hypothalamus—controls maintenance functions like eating; helps govern endocrine system; linked w/ emotion & reward.
200
What term is used to describe a stimulus that inherently satisfies a basic biological need, such as food, water, or shelter, and does not require any prior learning to be considered reinforcing?
What is primary reinforcer.
200
Sarah finds herself constantly worried about various aspects of her life, including work, relationships, and health. She often feels restless, fatigued, and has difficulty concentrating on tasks. Sarah's mind is frequently preoccupied with potential future events and worst-case scenarios, even when there's no immediate threat. Despite her efforts to control these worries, they persist for at least six months and significantly interfere with her daily functioning. Based on these symptoms, what disorder is Sarah likely experiencing?
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
200
This modern therapeutic approach, influenced by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the exploration of important relationships and childhood experiences to gain insight into and alleviate emotional distress. What is the name of this psychological therapy?
What is psychodynamic therapy.
200
John is running late for an important meeting. As he rushes through traffic, he notices that another driver cuts him off, causing him to slam on the brakes. Immediately, John feels his face flush, heart rate increase, and muscles tense. In this scenario, identify the bodily arousal symptoms associated with the emotion John is likely experiencing.
What are facial flushing, increased heart rate, and muscle tension.
(The emotion is anger.)
200
This crucial process in memory involves converting sensory information into a form that can be stored in the brain. What is the term for this initial stage of memory formation?
What is encoding.
300
After a white rat was repeatedly paired with a loud noise, Little Albert developed a fear of the white rat. In this case, the loud noise was the:
White Rat (NS): Loud Noise (US)-->Fear (UR)
White Rat (CS)--> Fear (CR)
300
This psychological state is characterized by an extreme and persistent elevated mood, excessive energy, impulsivity, and a decreased need for sleep. What is the term for this intense emotional state?
What is mania.
Elevated characterized by euphoria, lack of inhibitions, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, risk taking & irritability
300
This therapeutic approach combines strategies from both cognitive and behavioral therapies to help individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. What is the name of this widely used psychological treatment?
What is cognitive behavioral therapy.
300
This hormone, produced by fat cells, plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and metabolism by signaling to the brain when the body has sufficient energy stores. What is the name of this hormone?
What is leptin.
Remember: Leptin is a protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger
300
This type of long-term memory involves the unconscious retention of information, such as skills, habits, and associations, without conscious awareness of the learning process. What is the term for this form of memory?
What is implicit (non-declarative memory).
Remember: This involves retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection. They are encoded through automatic processing.
400
At recess Johnny and Samantha are playing tag. Johnny gets upset at Samantha's rules and pushes her to the ground, claiming he was "just playing tag!" In response, Johnny's teacher calls Johnny's parents, which Johnny does NOT want to happen. This is an example of what type of reinforcement/punishment?
What is positive punishment.
Positive Punishment--Administering an aversive stimulus.
400
When classifying behavior as "abnormal," psychologists may look at the person's behavior within the context of their cultural norms, how disruptive they are, how it gets in the way of the person's functioning, and if it is harmful towards themselves or others. We can remember them by the "4 D's." What do the "4 D's" stand for?
Deviance—from cultural norms, varier from culture to culture
Distress—bx, ideas, emotions must cause distress (be disruptive)
Dysfunction– interferes with daily functioning
Danger—to yourself or others
400
A therapist works closely with a client to explore and understand deep-seated unconscious conflicts, childhood experiences, and the influence of the unconscious mind on current behavior. The therapist places a strong emphasis on the therapeutic relationship, the interpretation of dreams, and free association. Based on these characteristics, what type of therapy is the therapist likely employing?
What is psychoanalytic therapy.
400
This psychological phenomenon suggests that the act of forming facial expressions can influence and modulate one's own emotional experience. What is the term for this effect?
What is the facial feedback effect.
Remember: This describes the the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.
400
When you consciously recall facts, events, or experiences, you are engaging in what type of memory that involves intentional and conscious effort?
What is explicit (declarative) memory.
Remember: This is memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”
500
Max the dog is learning to sit. At the beginning of his doggy training he is given a treat every time he sits. After a few weeks he is only given a treat after he has completed the "sit" command 5 times. What type of reinforcement schedule(s) is/are being used?
What is continuous and fixed-ratio schedules.
Continuous: Reinforcing the desired response EVERY time it occurs.
Fixed-Ratio: Reinforcing a response only after a specified # of responses.
500
In the context of schizophrenia, these are the symptoms characterized by deficits or the absence of certain behaviors that are typically present in individuals without the disorder. What term is used to describe these particular symptoms?
What are negative symptoms.
(-) symptoms are the absence of something that SHOULD be there. Examples include poverty of speech, blunted affect, and social withdrawal.
500
A therapist works closely with a client to identify and challenge negative thought patterns. They explore how the client's beliefs and interpretations impact their emotions and sustains negative thinking. The therapist helps the client develop more adaptive ways of thinking and problem-solving. What type of therapy is the therapist likely using?
What is cognitive therapy.
Remember: In cognitive therapy, we assume that our thinking colors our feelings. Between an event and our response lies the mind. If we're depressed we might interpret a suggestion is criticism, disagreement is dislike, or even praise as flattery.
500
According to this theory of emotion, our emotional experience is a result of our physiological reactions to a stimulus, suggesting that we feel an emotion after we notice our body's response. What is the name of this theory?
What is the James-Lang Theory of Emotion.
500
This phenomenon in memory refers to the enhanced retention of information when learning is distributed over time, allowing for better recall compared to cramming or massed practice. What is the term for this memory-enhancing effect?
What is the spacing effect.
Remember: Encoding is more effective when it is spread over time.