Ch.3
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
What is consciousness?
Continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.
What is substance use disorder?
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect.
What is tolerance?
The branch of psychology that systematically focuses on the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout the human life span.
What is developmental psychology?
An automatic response to sensory stimulation
What is a reflex?
The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
What is selective attention?
The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.
What is dual processing?
Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences.
What is addiction?
The organ that transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to embryo.
What is the placenta?
The psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development.
Who is Jean Piaget?
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
What is inattention blindness?
Periodic, natural loss of consciousness.
What is sleep?
Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
What are depressants?
Things continue to exist even when they are not perceived.
What is object permanence?
The difficulty of perceiving things from another person's point of view
What is egocentrism?
A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
What is REM sleep?
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
What is sleep apnea?
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.
What is withdrawal?
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the care giver and showing distress on separation.
What is attachment?
The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
What is the circadian rhythm?
A group of brain structures that are activated by rewarding stimuli.
What is the reward pathway?
Bright light activates light-sensitive retinal proteins which signal the brain’s suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to decrease the production of this sleep enhancing hormone.
What is Melatonin?
The act of resisting an impulse to take an immediately available reward in the hope of obtaining a more-valued reward in the future.
What is delayed gratification?
The psychological task/ risk of adolescence according to Erik Erikson's theory of development?
What is identity versus role confusion?