Key Terms
the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time
What is memory?
Forgetting often involves failure at the last step of the memory process – the act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness
What is retrieval?
Type of memories we consciously try to remember and recall
What are explicit memories?
Two components of declarative memory
What are episodic and semantic?
In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
What is false? (sensory, short term and long term memory)
first step in the memory process, requires attention to information presented to the sensory stores
What is encoding?
Loss of memories following an injury (i.e., can't create new memories after injury)
What is anterograde amnesia?
type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things
What is procedural memory?
Chunking and mnemonics and elaborate rehearsal are all ways to improve this memory system
What is short term or working memory?
Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion
What is True?
second step in the memory process, requires information to be held in long term memory to be used later
What is storage?
Loss of memory for past events but not for new events
What is retrograde amnesia?
type of memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced
What is episodic (or autobiographical) memory?
Priming, when exposure to a word or concept makes it easier to recall related information, taps this kind of memory
What is Implicit Memory?
Long-term memory has two parts: semantic memory and episodic memory
What is false? (Those are the two parts of Declarative memory, long term memory is made up of declarative and procedural memory)
thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
What is elaborate rehearsal?
Information learned more recently disrupts retrieval of information learned previously
What is retroactive interference?
type of memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts
What is semantic memory?
According to this theory, if you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful
What is levels of processing theory?
Cue dependent forgetting occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to jog one’s memory
What is true?
physical trace of a memory
What is an engram?
Earlier information disrupts the recall of material learned more recently
What is proactive interference?
kind of memory that involves the storage of extremely brief experiences related to our senses (e.g., sights, sounds, smells, and tastes, etc.)
What is sensory memory? (sensory store)
According to this model, memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information
What is Atkinson-Shiffrin model? (Or Information-Processing Model)
flashbulb memories are often difficult to retrieve
What is False?