Chapter 7
The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated.
What is operant conditioning?
The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.
What is encoding?
The process of relearning a conditioned response following extinction.
What is reconditioning?
Vivid, enduring memories of emotionally charged events that seem permanently seared into the brain.
What are flashbulb memories?
This refers to the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response.
What is extinction?
The loss or impairment of the ability to form or store new memories.
What is anterograde amnesia?
Thorndike's principle which states that responses that have satisfying effects are more likely to recur, whereas those that have unpleasant effects are less likely to recur.
What is the law of effect?
A mental representation of an area that helps an organism navigate its way from one point to another.
What is a cognitive map?
This is the strengthening of a response through the removal of an aversive stimulus.
What is negative reinforcement?
The memory subsystem that allows for retention and processing of newly acquired information for a maximum of about 30 seconds.
What is short term memory?
A sensory store for holding a mental representation of a sound for a few seconds after it registers in the ears.
What is echoic memory?
This is a temporary storage device for holding sensory memories.
What is the sensory register?
During the conditioning phase of classical conditioning, this is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that normally elicits an unconditioned response.
What is neutral stimulus?
This part of memory refers to memory of future actions.
What is prospective memory?
The brain structure primarily responsible for emotional memories.
What is amygdala?
The tendency for stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
What is stimulus generalization?
In this schedule of partial reinforcement, reinforcement is given only for a correct response made after a fixed amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
What is a fixed-interval schedule?
This structure in the forebrain is primarily responsible for laying down explicit memories.
What is the hippocampus?
This type of long-term memory refers to habits and motor behaviors that are recalled without conscious effort.
What is procedural memory?
This theory refers to the belief that how well or how long information is remembered depends on the depth of encoding or processing.
What is the levels-of-processing theory?